【作者】 孟志国；

【导师】 杨凤林；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 膜生物反应器是将膜分离技术与生物处理技术有机结合的一种污水处理新技术，具有工艺流程简单、占地面积小、出水水质好、自动化程度好、剩余污泥产生量少等优点，该项技术经过了几十年的发展，其应用领域不断扩大，已经引起了人们广泛地关注。但制约膜生物反应器大范围推广应用的主要因素之一是膜过滤组件的高造价问题，膜生物反应器目前基本处于一种高性能高价格的局面。本试验研究应用廉价的过滤组件—非织造过滤布代替目前的中空纤维膜进行生活污水的处理，试验所使用的非织造布为国内企业加工生产，价格便宜，为现在中空纤维膜市场价格的1／30左右。 本文通过试验研究，考察了非织造布膜生物反应器对模拟生活污水的处理效果，获得了满意的效果。出水的各项指标都符合我国生活杂用水水质标准（出水细菌总数略高，需要额外进行消毒处理），其中：SS可以全部去除，COD＜20mg／L，BOD₅＜10mg／L，NH₄⁺-N＜1.5mg／L。 为了得到非织造布膜生物反应器的设计参数，以便在实际工程中推广应用，本文比较了作为过滤介质的不同孔径的非织造布处理生活污水的效果，同时结合影响非织造布膜生物反应器处理效果的因素和维持其长期稳定运行的因素，通过理论分析与试验研究，得到了非织造布膜生物反应器在应用于生活污水处理的主要设计参数为： （1） 本试验条件下，非织造布膜生物反应器在重力自流条件下，3μm非织造布和0.2μm、5μm非织造布相比较，更具有实用推广性。3μm非织造布在本试验中，重力自流的临界压力为30cm水柱左右，临界通量为10 L／m²·h左右。在重力自流条件下，按目前膜生物反应器通用流量运行条件下，非织造布流量衰减严重； （2） 本试验条件下，依靠泵抽吸间歇性出水的非织造布膜生物反应器，水力停留时间HRT不得小于5.4h，建议取6h；非织造布膜生物反应器内的活性污泥浓度MLVSS不宜超过9000mg／L，最佳排泥时间确定在45天。 制约膜生物反应器发展的另一大问题就是膜污染问题，在本文研究的非织造布膜生物反应器，该问题同样存在。针对非织造布的污染堵塞，影响非织造布通量衰减的问题，本试验试图从非织造布膜生物反应器的操作条件（控制曝气强度、反应器内污泥浓度、重力自流时的操作压力、泵抽吸出水的间歇运行时间等）入手，找出操作条件对非织造布污染的影响规律，从而通过控制操作条件，尽量延长非织造布膜污染的周期，试验中获得了一些有价值的结论。 本文中对非织造布污染的机理以及非织造布污染后的清洗方法也进行了研究探讨，试验结果表明，中空纤维膜生物反应器膜污染主要是因为膜表面的滤饼层引起的，而非更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, membrane bioreactor （MBR） has been widely used in wastewater treatment to achieve higher effluent quality, which is often difficult to be effectively met by conventional activated sludge process. The advantages of MBR are a high mixed liquid suspended solids （MLSS） concentration, producing higher rate of removal of biological oxygen demand （BOD） and chemical oxygen demand （COD）, a lower excess sludge production and the production of treated water can be reused. Membrane bioreactor has been developing for several decades and always broadening its application fields, and has attracted more and more attention. Capital costs of the membrane bioreactor process are substantially influenced by the membrane cost, which has restricted the practical application of the membrane bioreactor in large scale. Nowadays in the world, membrane filtration module is in the situation of high performance with high price and low price with poor performance. A new type submerged membrane bioreactor with the nonwovens as the filtration module was designed for solving this problem. The nonwovens is produced in domestic corporation, it is of the advantage of low price which is only 1/30 compared with the market price of the conventional hollow membrane.The paper investigated the treatment performance of simulated domestic wastewater with nonwovens bioreactor, almost all effluent water quality can meet the national criterion of reclamation water except that bacteria is needed to be disinfected. The results showed that SS could be removed completely; the effluent COD, BOD₅ and NH₄⁺-N were less than 20 mg·L^-1, 10 mg·L^-1, and 1.5 mg·L^-1, respectively.In order to optimize the designing parameters of nonwovens bioreactor, for its wide application in wastewater treatment, the factor that affects the effluent treatment efficiency and the factor that affects the stable operation of nonwovens bioreactor were analyzed in this paper. The performance of synthetic domestic wastewater treatment was evaluated in the nonwovens bioreactor with different pore diameter nonwovens as filtration material at same operating conditions. The optimal designing parameters are shown as following:（1） For nonwovens bioreactor with gravity outflow, the critical pressure was about 30cm water head drop and the critical flux was about 10L/m²·h. The appropriate aeration intensity of 3μm nonwovens bioreactor at the activated sludge concentration of 4000 mg/L was 1.0 m³/h.（2） For nonwovens bioreactor with pump suction operation, HRT was more than 5.4h, 6h was recommended, MLVSS concentration in nonwovens bioreactor should be kept at 9000更多还原