【作者】 黄水金；

【导师】 韩召军； 洪晓月；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura Fabricius)是一种重要的多食性害虫，生产上主要依靠化学防治。近些年来，该虫在我国许多地区频繁暴发，而且绝大多数常规药剂已不能有效控制其危害，因此，给农业生产造成了巨大损失。为了弄清斜纹夜蛾的抗药性现状和抗药性机理，建立有效的抗药性治理措施，提高现有的农药品种的防治效果，本文以筛选获得的斜纹夜蛾抗性和敏感性品系，以及田间抗性种群为材料，详细研究斜纹夜蛾的抗药性监测方法、抗药性现状、抗性的生化与分子机制及其抗性遗传规律，现将研究结果总结如下： 1 斜纹夜蛾抗药性监测方法与敏感毒力基线的建立 利用室内多年连续饲养的斜纹夜蛾，通过单卵块筛选获得了相对敏感品系，用3龄幼虫分别建立了点滴法和浸叶法两种斜纹夜蛾抗药性监测方法，并测定了10多种常用杀虫剂的敏感基线。进一步田间抗性监测表明，点滴法对触杀性杀虫剂较敏感，浸叶法对胃毒性较强的杀虫剂较敏感，但两种方法均能准确地确定斜纹夜蛾的抗性状况。与以前使用的4龄幼虫点滴法等相比，本研究建立的方法不仅准确可靠，而且省时省工，更重要的是，还提供了大量的敏感基线资料。因此，本研究所建立的抗药性监测方法，有望成为斜纹夜蛾抗药性监测的标准方法，并为斜纹夜蛾抗药性的深入研究奠定了基础。 2 斜纹夜蛾田间种群的抗药性状况 利用所建立的抗药性监测方法和敏感基线，对江苏南京和安徽和县两地斜纹夜蛾田间种群的抗药性进行了测定。结果表明，两地斜纹夜蛾种群对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂都产生高水平的抗性(63-477倍)；对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类药剂，除江苏南京田间种群对丙溴磷(5.73倍)和灭多威(8.01倍)为低抗外，也都产生了中等水平的抗性(10.5-34.4倍)。但两地斜纹夜蛾种群对杀虫单、阿维菌素、氟铃脲和氟虫腈等药剂都未产生明显抗性(＜5倍)。因此，在抗药性治理方面，建议这两地在使用药剂防治斜纹夜蛾时，应避免使用拟除虫菊酯类药剂，有限制地使用有机磷类杀虫剂，合理轮用杀虫单、阿维菌素、氟铃脲和氟虫腈等药剂，以阻止和延缓抗性的发展。 3 溴氰菊酯高抗品系的筛选及其相对适合度和抗性遗传方式 利用田间抗性种群在室内用溴氰菊酯连续筛选6代，获得了斜纹夜蛾对溴氰菊酯的极高抗品系(RR：2246)，为进一步研究抗性斜纹夜蛾的生物适合度、抗药性遗传方式、交互抗性和抗药性机理，奠定了基础。此外室内筛选还发现，溴氰菊酯筛选不仅使自身抗性增长了4.2倍，同时还使氰戊菊酯抗性增加更多还原

【Abstract】 The common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （Fab.）, is a worldwide pest with an extensive host range and especially infests some important crops including tobacco, cotton, soybean and many vegetables. It formerly broke out only intermittently in China. Since the early 1990s, however, common cutworm has reached large number every year and large amount of insecticide have been used for combating its infestation on crops. As a result, many field populations of this pest have developed multiple resistances, which make more and more frequent control failures in field. However, though some related work has been done, there is still not a suitable method and enough toxicity baseline data for monitoring of the resistance in this pest. Lacking of the knowledge of resistance mechanism is also the barrier for implementation of resistance management and efficient control. In this paper, efforts have been made to develop a suitable resistance monitoring method and declare its resistance mechanism, inheritance model, and fitness costs. The results obtained are summarized as follows:1 Resistance monitoring methods and the corresponding toxicity baseline dataA susceptible strain of S. litura was selected by single egg cluster selection of a laboratory strain. More efficient topical application and leaf dipping methods were developed with 3^rd instar larvae as test animals, and the corresponding toxicity baselines of more than 10 convenient insecticides were also established with this susceptible strain as standard. Further resistance monitoring practice with field populations showed that topical application method was much sensitive for monitoring the resistance to contact insecticides, and leaf dipping method for that to the insecticides with stronger stomach action. But both worked well in monitoring resistance. As compared with those methods used previously, the newly developed methods were not only accurate, but also efficient and with less labor and time consume. Moreover, a lot of corresponding toxicity baseline data was provided. So, it was confident to recommend these methods for application in the further work.2 Resistance of field populations to common insecticidesThe insecticide resistance was monitored with the insects collected from Nanjing更多还原