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+Gz重复暴露对脑的病理生理影响及其机理的实验研究
Experimental Studies on Pathophysiologic Effects of Repeated +Gz Exposures on Brain and Its Mechanism
【作者】 孙喜庆;
【作者基本信息】 第四军医大学 , 航空航天医学, 1995, 博士
【摘要】 现代高性能战斗机具有很高的机动性能,其最大过载可达+9Gz,可持续15~45s,已超过人体生理耐限。正加速度(+Gz)引起的意识丧失(G-LOC)主要是由于在+Gz作用下,脑水平动脉血压降低,脑血流量减少,进而引起脑组织缺血、缺氧所致。它不仅是限制飞行员工作能力的主要因素,也是威胁飞行安全的主要原因。据美国空、海军等的资料,战斗机飞行员在飞行中G-LOC的发生率为12%~30%;因G-LOC而导致飞机坠毁的事故达18起之多。因此,如何改进现行的飞行卫生保障措施,进一步提高防护系统的效能,以预防G-LOC的发生,依然是当前国内外航空医学界最为关注的问题之一。 为提高飞行员的G耐力,降低G-LOC的发生率,美国等国家还利用载人离心机对战斗机飞行员开展了离心机训练,认为离心机训练可帮助飞行员正确掌握和完成抗荷动作,在离心机上进行G-LOC体验可增强飞行员对G-LOC的认知,使其发生G-LOC后的相对失能期缩短。但由于目前对反复高G暴露是否会带来严重危害尚不清楚,故对高性能战斗机飞行员在高G训练时体验G-LOC的科学性与安全性还存在异议。反复发生G-LOC是否会对飞行员的健康带来危害?是否会产生累积效应?阐明这些问题对指导飞行员训练、保障飞行安全均具有十分重要的意
【Abstract】 Modern high performance aircraft are capable of producing acceleration in the +9 Gz range sustained for 15 -45s which may exceed the man’ s physiologic tolerance. +Gz- induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) is not only the major factor limiting man’s performance, but also the main threat for flying safety. G- LOC is classically attributed to a decrease in cortical blood flow that results from a drastic decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure. Approximately 12% to 30% of U.S. Air Force and U. S. Navy pilots flying high performance aircraft experience G-LOC. These occurrences of G-LOC have resulted in 18 class A mishap. Therefore, the focus of the
【Key words】 acceleration; brain; adenosine triphosphate; energy charge; lactate dehydrogenase; lactic acid; blood-brain barrier; potassium; sodium; calcium; adenosine triphosphatase; brain edema; mitochondrion; nitric oxide synthase; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form); whole blood viscosity; fibrinogen; erythrocyte aggregation; hematocrit; intracranial pressure; lower body negative pressure; acceleration-induced loss of consciousness; rabbit; rat;