【作者】 冯蕾；

【导师】 唐学玺；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文详细综述了UV-B辐射对浮游动物影响的研究进展，并通过一系列的室内实验，分别从个体水平和群体水平研究了UV-B辐射增强对海洋浮游动物——二种海水轮虫的致死效应、摄食和选食行为、实验种群动态、种群增殖和种间竞争的影响。以期为阐明全球变化对海洋生态系统的影响以及建立指示大气UV-B辐射强弱的生态毒理学指标体系提供科学依据。研究结果总结如下： 1．1 运用生态毒理学方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)和壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionus urceus)的致死效应，旨在为阐明UV-B辐射对海洋生态系统的影响和建立指示大气UV-B辐射强弱的生态毒理学指标体系提供科学依据。结果表明：UV-B辐射对2种轮虫都有严重的伤害作用，且当辐射强度达一定强度阈值会对其产生急性致死作用。实验测得：UV-B辐射对2种轮虫的急性致死强度阈值为50±10μW／cm~2；24h、48h和96h的半致死剂量为：褶皱臂尾轮虫分别为4.393、2.694和1.720kJ／m~2，壶状臂尾轮虫分别为5.856、4.516和1.730kJ／m~2。由此可知，在本实验UV-B辐射剂量范围和观察时间内，褶皱臂尾轮虫在UV-B辐射处理后的24h和48h内对UV-B辐射的敏感性相对要大于壶状臂尾轮虫，而在UV-B辐射处理后的96h内2种轮虫对UV-B辐射的敏感性则相近。 1．2 运用生态毒理学方法，研究了UV-B辐射条件下褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)对5株海洋微藻(小球藻(Chlorella sp．)、扁藻(Tetraselmis chuii)、金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana Park 8701)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri Lermumerman)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia clostertum))的摄食和选食行为。旨在为阐明UV-B辐射对海洋生态系统的影响、特别是海洋牧食食物链和浮游生物群落结构的影响提供一些科学依据。结果表明，UV-B辐射对褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食和选食行为都有显著影响。当分别以5株海洋微藻为食物的单一饵料条件下，随着更多还原

【Abstract】 A detailed literature review of ecophysiology effects of UV-B radiation on zooplankton was undertaken, and a series of indoor experiments were conduced to investigate the effects of UV-B radiation on the lethal effect, feeding and feeding selectivity, population dynamics, population growth and competition of two species of marine rotifers （Brachionus plicatilis and Brachionus urceus）at the level of individual and population, to supply experimental base for aquatic ecosystem with changes in global climate and provide the science foundation which built the indices system on denoting UV-B radiation of Ecotoxicology. The results were summarized as follows:2.1 The lethal effect of UV-B radiation on two species of marinerotifers （B. plicatilis & B. urceus）This paper reported the acute lethal effect of UV-B radiation on two species marine rotifers （Brachionus plicatilis and Brachionus urceus）, and expected to elucidate the effects of UV-B radiation on marine ecological system and provide the science foundation which built the indices system on denoting UV-B radiation of Ecotoxicology. The results showed that the UV-B radiation was very harmful to rotifers and could make acute lethal effect on them when the UV-B radiation intensity achieved some threshold. Moreover, the 24, 48 and 96h LD₅₀ of UV-B radiation for Brachionus plicatilis were 4.393, 2.694 and 1.720kJ/m2 respectively while for Brachionus urceus were 5.856, 4.516 and 1.730kJ/m² respectively. However, both of the two rotifer species have the same acute lethal intensity threshold of UV-B radiation of （50±10）μW/cm². Furthermore, in the range of experimental radiation dose, the更多还原