【作者】 杨玲；

【导师】 胡源；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 由于电线电缆在能量传输和信息传递等方面的重要性，特别是现代社会的环保和健康需求，研究和开发新型低烟、低毒的防火（包括阻燃和耐火）电缆材料成为电缆新材料研究领域的热点。 本文在总结聚氯乙烯电缆材料的阻燃抑烟研究现状和最新进展的基础上，通过优化制备羟基锡酸锌（ZHS）的条件，以及将ZHS包覆在氢氧化镁（MH）和碳酸钙（CaCO₃）粒子表面上，制备清洁高效的阻燃抑烟剂，研究ZHS类添加剂对PVC热稳定性和阻燃抑烟性能的影响以及作用机理。同时在总结耐高温硅橡胶电缆材料的补强阻燃最新研究基础上，制备了甲基乙烯基硅橡胶（MVMQ）无卤阻燃电缆材料和MVMQ／粘土阻燃纳米复合材料，系统研究氢氧化物阻燃体系对硅橡胶材料的阻燃作用。通过对PVC新型阻燃抑烟配方和硅橡胶无卤阻燃补强配方的优化设计，以期发展在不同使用环境中具有优异火灾安全性的新型电缆材料。 本文的主要研究内容总结为以下四个方面： 1．ZHS的制备及其对PVC电缆材料阻燃抑烟作用的研究 采用共沉淀法制得平均粒径为20～30nm的ZHS粒子，利用粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TGA）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）等对ZHS的结构和性能进行表征，系统研究反应温度和pH值对ZHS结构的影响，优化制备条件。将制得的ZHS与PVC及加工助剂熔融共混制备阻燃抑烟PVC电缆材料，采用极限氧指数法（LOI）、垂直燃烧（UL 94 V）和NBS烟密度箱（SDR）系统研究了ZHS和AO、ZB、MH、ATH、CaCO₃对PVC的阻燃抑烟效用，结果表明ZHS对PVC电缆材料具有优良的阻燃抑烟效果，使用量为15％时可以满足我国对PVC电缆材料烟密度的要求，阻燃级别可以达到V0。环境扫描电子显微镜（ESEM）炭渣形貌分析表明，经ZHS作用后的PVC炭渣均匀、致密且连续，结合TGA，锥型量热计（CONE）和真空裂解气相色谱和质谱联用仪（GC-MS）研究其阻燃机理，结果表明ZHS有利于促进PVC热解或燃烧过程中多烯产物的交联成炭，形成具有隔热、隔氧、隔气的炭层，对PVC阻燃抑烟的作用机理同时包含气相和固相作用机理。 2．ZHS包覆MH和CaCO₃的制备及其对PVC电缆材料阻燃抑烟作用的研更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to protecting the natural environment from destruction or pollution, especially to sastify the requirements on fire safety, low-smoke, low-toxicity and flame retardant cable covering materials are one of the focus researches in recent years. Based on the recent literatures, the latest progresses were reviewed in this dissertation in the fields of smoke suppressant and flame retardant of Poly （vinyl chloride） （PVC） cable materials; non-halogen flame retardant of silicone rubber cable materials. In this thesis, the preparation and characterization of zinc hydroxystannate （ZnSn（OH）₆, ZHS）, ZHS coated magnesium hydroxide （MH） and calcium carbonate（CaCO₃） were described. Fire retardant （FR） properties have been measured and compared for unfilled and filled polyvinyl-chloride （PVC） based cable formulations containing various amounts of fillers mentioned above compared with antimony trioxide （AO）-traditional flame retardant for PVC. Halogen free flame retardant silicone rubber or silicone rubber/clay nanocomposites based cable composites using MH and aluminium hydroxide （ATH） as a flame retardant, combined with zinc borate （ZB） and microencapsulated red phosphorous （MRP） as a synergist were prepared. Their mechanical properties and fire properties were studied using tensile test and LOI, UL 94 V, TGA. All the results were fed back to cable material design to promote development of superior fire safe cable materials.There are mainly containing four parts included in this paper.1. Study on flame retardant and smoke suppressant effect of ZHS for PVC based cable covering materials. ZHS has been obtained through a simple method by hydrolyzation of Sn⁴⁺ reacting with Zn²⁺ in aqueous and solid sodium hydroxide （NaOH） act as precipitator. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns, Fourier transfer infrared （FTIR） spectra and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, the influence factors of the experimental conditions for reaction temperature and pH value were investigate systematically and the optimum experimental conditions were presented. The transmission electron microscopy （TEM） images testified that the phase obtained has an cubic-type structure and grow into更多还原