【作者】 吴东胜；

【导师】 吴冲龙；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 隐蔽油气藏是指那些隐伏的、用常规勘探方法难以发现的各种圈闭所形成的油气藏，考虑圈闭的成因、形成主控因素及相对于现有勘探方法的隐蔽性等三个因素，可分为隐蔽构造油气藏、地层油气藏及水动力油气藏三大类。国内外学者的研究及勘探实践表明，隐蔽油气藏的主体为地层油气藏，可进一步划分为岩性油气藏(岩性上倾尖灭油气藏、岩性透镜体油气藏、物性封闭油气藏)，不整合油气藏(地层超覆油气藏、古潜山油气藏、不整合遮挡油气藏)和生物礁油气藏。我国东部的陆相盆地则主要发育岩性油气藏、不整合油气藏等两种类型的隐蔽油气藏。 经过数十年高强度勘探和开发，我国东部的陆相含油气盆地已进入勘探的高成熟阶段，发现重要构造圈闭的机遇已日益减少，隐蔽油气藏勘探逐渐占据重要地位甚至是首要地位。陆相沉积盆地地质条件复杂，多期构造运动、多物源充填和复杂的相变为隐蔽圈闭的形成提供了有利条件，隐蔽油气藏有着巨大的资源潜力，但隐蔽油气藏具有储层厚度薄、变化快和成藏条件复杂的特点，单项技术很难准确可靠地预测和评价，必须以陆相层序地层学研究为主线开展隐蔽油气藏的多学科综合研究。 由于目前油气地质综合研究技术手段相对滞后，难以满足隐蔽油气藏勘探的数据处理与图形处理需求，从而导致了基础资料整理工作十分繁重、研究成果和原始数据之间缺乏迅速高效的互动反馈机制、多学科研究成果无法实现快速准确的空间对比和分析、多源数据难以有效的集成化管理等一系列问题，使得隐蔽油气藏勘探的研究周期漫长，研究结果的准确性得不到最大的保证，无法满足油气田勘探生产快速、高效、准确的要求。因此，笔者就隐蔽油气藏勘探的信息集成开展了探索性研究，摸索隐蔽油气藏勘探的信息集成方法，实现隐蔽油气藏勘探基础数据、研究成果的集成化管理和综合应用，为多学科研究人员提供可共享的综合解释环境，实现隐蔽油气藏勘探的计算机全程辅助，以提高油气地质综合研究的速度、效率和准确性，满足油田勘探生产实际的需要。针对上述目标，本选题主要进行了以下几个方面的研究： (1) 通过隐蔽油气藏勘探现状及发展趋势的广泛调研，结合隐蔽油气藏勘探的实际研究经验，总结了隐蔽油气藏勘探的工作流程和未来发展趋势，提出隐蔽油气藏勘探的有效途径是层序地层学框架下统一运用各种地质与地震技术的多学科综合研究方法。其工作流程大致可分为基础资料采集与处理(Ⅰ)、区域研究(Ⅱ)、目标预测与评价(Ⅲ)等三个阶段，其中Ⅰ阶段的任务是收集和整理基础数据并实现集成化管理；Ⅱ阶段的目标是阐明隐蔽油气藏的类型、特征、形成条件、发育层位和分布区带，分为区域等时层序地层格架建立、隐蔽圈闭发育特征研究、隐蔽油气藏成藏机理总结、隐蔽油气藏分布特征预测和评价等四个步骤；Ⅲ阶段的任务是识别、描述和评价隐蔽油气藏并提供钻探目标，分为精细研究工区选择、层序地层精细对比、隐蔽圈闭识别和描述、圈闭含油气性综合评价等步骤。 (2) 从隐蔽油气藏勘探特点的分析出发，详细讨论了隐蔽油气藏勘探信息集成的数据需求、更多还原

【Abstract】 Subtle reservoir were formed by covert traps that could not be found by normal exploration methods. Considering origins and main controlling factors of the formation of traps, and in view of its secretiveness compared with existing exploration methods, subtle reservoir can be divided into tectonic reservoir, stratigraphic reservoir and hydrodynamic reservoir. The theoretical study and exploration practice proved that subtle reservoirs are mainly stratigraphic deposits, which can be further categorized as lithologic deposit (including updip wedge—out deposit, lenticular hydrocarbon pool, physical characteristic deposit), unconformity deposit (stratigraphic overlapped deposit, buried hill and unconformity screened accumulation), and biohermal reservoir. The lacustrine basins in Eastern China mainly developed lithologic subtle reservoirs and unconformity ones.After several decades of high strength exploration & development, Lacustrine hydrocarbon basins in the Eastern China have entered into a highly matured stage of development, the opportunities to discover important structural trap becomes smaller and smaller, the exploration of subtle reservoir hold gradually important status or even pride of place. There are much favorable condition for subtle trap in lacustrine basins with its complicated geological conditions such as multistage tectonic activity, multi-resource deposit and complex face change. So subtle reservoirs have great potentialities. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to depict and evaluate subtle reservoir with only one kind of technology because of its thin formation, rapid changes and complex reservoir condition, so a multi-disciplined research with lacustrine sequence stratigraphy as main.Present technologies and methods for synthesize geology research are relatively too backward to meet the requests of data and graphic processing of subtle reservoir exploration, which leads to a series of problems, e.g., basic materials treating is very heavy, it lack a rapid and efficient interacting feedback mechanism between study results and original data, it cannot be realized in multidiscipline study a accurate and rapid spatial correlation, and analysis, and a efficient integrated management of multi-sourced data is hard to realized .Because of the above problems , the resulting long research cycle and low accuracy of results of exploration makes it impossible to satisfy the requests on rapidness, efficiency and accuracy of exploration of oil fields. So, the author makes a groping study on information integration if subtle reservoir exploration, and probes into the data integration methods and application methods of GIS, to realized the integrative management and synthesize application of basal data and results to更多还原