【作者】 李振新；

【导师】 李世普；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文针对基于激光在肿瘤治疗中应用的光纤终端，进行了以临床应用为目的的实验研究工作。对所涉及的生物光学、生物传热学、相关的检测技术以及实验的数据采集与设备控制都作了相应的论述与研究。形成了一套基于激光治疗的光纤终端的研究方法。并为光纤终端的制作和临床应用打下了理论和实验基础。 激光在医学中的应用，其实质是激光与生物组织的相互作用。根据其波长、能量和作用方式的不同，其在医学治疗中形成了不同的分支。例如，利用光波长的光动力学疗法、利用激光强能量的激光手术和弱激光的间质热疗法等。而这些疗法目前主要应用在对肿瘤的治疗中。在激光治疗肿瘤的过程中，作为传能部分的光纤终端，对治疗效果起着极其重要的作用。由于生物组织中肿瘤的大小、形状和位置各不相同，所以，直接与肿瘤组织相作用的光纤终端的传光能力、形状结构以及对光能的分散程度和形状，将会影响到治疗的最终结果和治疗的成败。因此，本文从对光纤终端形状的分析着手，对与之相关的知识进行了系统的研究。 本文首先介绍了激光和激光技术在医学中的应用；介绍了与激光医学相关的组织光学、组织传热学、激光技术、激光的动力学疗法和激光热间质疗法等各领域的发展状况、目前的研究水平和实际应用情况。指出了激光技术在应用中存在的问题，提出了本文的研究方向和思路。随后，根据生物组织的结构特点和光子在物质中的传输理论，从理论上探讨了光在生物组织中的传播现象。提出了利用蒙特卡罗方法，研究光纤终端出射光与光纤终端形状关系的方法，是蒙特卡罗方法在激光医学中的一种新的应用方式。利用蒙特卡罗方法，对光纤终端射出光在生物组织中的分布与传播进行的模拟，增加了光纤终端在设计和使用中的直观性和可靠性。并且对激光与生物组织相互作用的热现象进行了分析。根据生物组织的热传导方程和生物组织结构的特点，利用有限元的方法，分析了不同光纤终端在生物组织中形成的热分布。在利用Ansys软件进行模拟分析时，为了能更加突出主要的问题，所以在软件的使用中，将生物组织结构进行了简单化。这与实际存在着一定的差别，但其模拟结果对光纤终端的研究是具有指导意义的。在激光的热间质疗法中，对温度的控制和测量是至关重要的。准确的控制温度，能够获得良好的效果，达到治疗的目的，同时最大限度地减少激光对正常组织的损伤。要达到控制温度的目的，首先要能够准确的测更多还原

【Abstract】 In this dissertation, the use of the fibre-end in tumor therapy based on laser is thoroughly and comprehensively researched, the matter about bio-tissue optics, bioheat transfer, detection technology, data acquisition of experiment and equipment control are discussed and researched relevantly. Research technique of fibre-end based on laser therapy is as result of the process. The theory and experiment foundations are built for the making of fibre-end and clinical applications.The essential of application in laser medicine is laser-biotissue interactions. According to different mode of action, wave-length and energy of laser, the different branches are formed in laser therapy. For example, Photodynamic Therapy(PDT)of using laser wavelength, laser surgery of using high-power and laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy(LITT) of using low-power laser. At present, those therapy methods are mainly used to treat tumor.In the process of using laser to treat tumor, the fibre-end as part of transfer energy has a most important function for therapeutic effect. Due to the size, the shape and the position of the tumor in biotissue are different, the transmitted power and the shape of the fibre-end which directly affect tumor and degree and shape of scatter by fibre-end for laser energy will influence the final result and the success-fail of therapy. So, in this dissertation, the development work started on analysis of shape of fibre-end, the theory and the technology which relate to shape of fibre-end are researched and form an integrated system.First of all,laser technology and the history of application of laser in medicine are introduced; trend of development in each field, the actual state of research and application about laser technology, tissue optics, bioheat transfer, Photodynamic Therapy(PDT)and Laser-induced Interstitial Thermotherapy(LITT) are introduced. Direction and idea of work are put forward and the open question of laser technology in application to medicine is pointed in the dissertation. Further more, according to the characteristic of structure of biotissue and transfer theory of photons in matter, transport phenomenon of photons in biotissue are discussed from the aspect of theory. The method which is used to research the correlations between distribution of light by fibre-end and shape of fibre-end by using Monte Carlo (MC) method is put forward,更多还原