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基于Petri网的公路施工进度计划及资源优化研究
Study on Project Scheduling and Resource Optimization in Highway Construction Based on Petri Nets
【作者】 张绍阳;
【导师】 王选仓;
【作者基本信息】 长安大学 , 道路与铁道工程, 2006, 博士
【摘要】 本文在对公路施工进度计划和控制传统方法中存在的诸如工序难以细化、进度调整困难、资源需求粗略、无法指导施工等问题深入分析的基础上,提出使用Petri网建模和仿真的方法进行进度计划及控制、资源优化等。文中对施工过程Petri网建模方法、进度计划和控制、工程风险管理、资源优化、动态进度计划以及仿真系统总体设计等方面进行了系统地研究。 在施工过程Petri网建模方法研究方面,首次将面向对象的Petri网(OOPN)引入到施工领域,根据进度、资源并兼顾费用等目标对资源、施工过程、时间等的建模方法进行了研究。提出并建立了公路施工仿真层次模型。对工序持续时间分布的形式、参数估计以及取样方法、施工不良影响因素对工序持续时间的影响进行了系统地研究。 在进度计划研究中,首次给出基于仿真的工序时间参数的计算方法,解决了仿真技术进行进度计划时不能给出工序时间参数用于工程管理的弊端。利用关联矩阵方法系统研究了仿真关键线路、工序关键度(ACP)等进度计划指标在Petri网中的计算方法。 在工程进度风险管理中,首次提出控制点完工概率的概念并研究了使用控制点完工概率进行进度计划调整的方法,控制点完工概率比工程完工概率只使用竣工时间作为控制点更加符合工程实际。系统地研究了工序进度风险水平(ACI)、工期风险等指标在Petri网中的含义和计算方法。 在资源均衡配置和优化研究中,利用施工过程Petri网模型对局部施工资源的瓶颈识别方法进行了研究,给出了资源瓶颈启发性消除的4种方法。在总体优化中,首次提出一种基于资源分配曲线图柔化的优化方法,并与文献中的实例进行了比较。 在工程动态进度计划中,首次提出全过程仿真的概念并对其中的关键算法——模型自适应算法进行了研究,基于全过程仿真建立了工程动态进度计划方法。 在面向对象Petri网应用研究方面,利用OOPN基本元素构造了一种新的结点——聚合结点,用来表示施工仿真的层次模型,扩充了OOPN的表达能力。提出一种基于性能分析的OOPN关联矩阵的建立方法。 在上述研究的基础上,本文对公路施工仿真系统进行了总体设计,并在工程中进行了应用。理论研究和工程实践都表明,本文建立的方法能为施工进度计划及控制、资源优化等提供科学的、有益的指导。
【Abstract】 Based on the analysis of the limitations of the traditional project scheduling and control methods in highway construction, for example, difficulty in work detail breakdown, difficulty in schedule adjustment, coarseness in resources requirment estimation and incapacity for construction management, a method based on Petri Nets modeling and simulation is put forward for project scheduling and resource optimization in this dissertation. The modeling method of Petri nets for construction procedures, project scheduling, risk analysis, resource optimization, dynamic project scheduling methods are studied in this paper.In the study of Petri nets modeling method for construction procedure, this paper introduces the Object-Oriented Petri Nets into construction field for the first time. According to schedule and resource goals, taking into account project costs, the modeling method of resource, construction process and time are studied. A hyberarchy model of highway construction simulation is put forwords. The form, paramentric estimation as well as sampling methods of activity duration distribution are discussed widely, and also the influence of construction negative factors to activity duration is studied.In the project scheduling study, the algorithms of Simulation Critical Path (SCP) and Activity Criticality Probability (ACP) in Petri Nets are deduced based on incidence matrix. For the first time, the algorithms of activity time parameters in simulation are given, it solves the problem that simulation technology in project scheduling can’t produce activity time parameter to manage project.In project risk management, the significations and algorithms of Activity Cruciality Index (ACI), Reference Point Completion Probability (RPCP) and project period risk in Petri Nets are studied. RPCP is presented for the first time in this paper. It can conform to engineering better than completion probability which only use the completion time as a reference point. Furthermore, schedule adjustment is discussed based on RPCP.In the study of resource optimization, the bottle-neck identification method of resources in construction localness is studied. Four kinds of resource boltle-neck estilimation methods are proposed. In general optimization, an improved minimum variance method has been brought forward and compared with the example in literature.
【Key words】 highway construction; project scheduling; resource optimization; Object-Oriented Petri Nets; simulation;