【作者】 刘海石；

【导师】 姚广春；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 有色金属冶金， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 我国大型铝电解槽的平均槽寿命较低，一般为1500天左右。国外先进国家同类型的电解槽的平均寿命可以达到2500天左右。因此，我国的铝电解槽总体水平与国外相比，有较大的差距。其中铝电解槽寿命是一个主要方面。铝电解槽寿命问题直接影响电解铝的生产成本和生产效率，因此延长大型铝电解槽寿命研究对发展我国铝电解工业具有重要的意义，是电解铝企业的一贯追求。本文正是在此基础上，系统地研究了各种因素对电解槽寿命的影响，提出并肯定了延长电解槽寿命的一些措施，对今后电解生产有一定指导意义。 根据20多年的生产实践和对内衬破损电解槽的解剖得知，铝电解槽内衬破损表现在炭阴极破损、侧部炭内衬破损和底部保温层受侵蚀破损。由于这些部位的破损导致铝电解槽使用寿命的缩短。分析铝电解槽内衬破损的原因，有筑炉材料的选择，筑炉质量，启动质量，后期的生产管理，其中启动后中后期生产管理影响的因素最大。 选择了160kA和300kA大型预焙铝电解槽进行了延长铝电解槽使用寿命的工业试验，试验的时间为5年。试验结果表明，采取下述技术措施有利于延长铝电解槽的使用寿命。 1)选用石墨化程度较高的阴极炭块和与之相适应的捣缝糊料； 2)侧部采用氮化硅结合碳化硅砖做内衬，抗腐蚀能力强，并可以加快侧部炉帮的形成； 3)阴极下部铺设一层干防渗料，可以起到阻滞电解质向保温层渗透的作用；更多还原

【Abstract】 In china the mean life of the aluminium cell is shorter, average 1500 days. But in advanced countries, the mean life of the same type of aluminium cell can reach about 2500 days. So there is a large gap in the level of aluminium cell between our country and foreign countries. The problem of the life directly affects the production costs and efficiency of electrolytic aluminum industry. So the research on prolonging the life of large cell is very significant and enterprises are trying to overcome this problem. Aiming at the problem, in this work, factors that affect the cell life are researched systematically, then some measures that how to overcome the problems are determined, which has great guidance to aluminum electrolysis.According to more than 20 years’ productive practice and the dissection to the breakage of inner liner in aluminium cell, we can know that breakage of the internal liner includes breakage of carbon cathode, breakage of lateral inner liner and breakage of bottom insulating layer been eroded. Then the breakage of internal liner leads to the shortage of the usage lifetime. The breakage mentioned above cause the shorter life of aluminium cell. The factors that affect breakage of the inner liner include the material of furnace, quality of furnace, quality of startup and management of late production. And production management is main influencing factor.The large-scale aluminium electrolyzing cells of 160kA and 300kA are selected to carry out the industry experiments in order to prolong the life of aluminium cells, and the test time is 5 years. The results showed that the following methods are beneficial to prolonging the lifetime of aluminium cells:1) Select the cathode block with high degree of graphitization and related carbon starch;2) Use the bricks of silicon nitride combined with silicon carbide as internal liner, which更多还原