城乡收入分配差距研究

【作者】 田侃；

【导师】 夏兴园；

【作者基本信息】 中南财经政法大学 ， 政治经济学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 农民收入增幅一直在低位徘徊,城乡居民收入差距不断扩大已成为中国经济发展中最令人关注的焦点,并且成为中国二元经济社会结构诸多矛盾的集中体现。本文对城乡收入分配差距问题的选题背景、研究意义、问题现状与历史成因、国际比较、政治与经济效应,以及解决这一问题的市场与政府对策建议进行了系统的探讨与研究。一导论论文首先分析了问题的研究背景、国内外的研究动态;然后简要介绍了本文的理论基础,即马克思主义收入分配理论及西方新古典经济学、发展经济学、福利经济学、新制度经济学、现代财政与税收理论等;最后从理论与实践两方面分析了本文研究的理论意义和现实意义。1、马克思主义的按劳分配理论。马克思的按劳分配理论建立在其劳动价值论的基础上,既继承了空想社会主义的合理思想,又深刻批判了资产阶级古典学派的分配理论。马克思认为,在单一的生产资料公有制社会中,不存在商品生产,商品货币关系消亡。个人劳动具有直接的社会性,用劳动时间衡量每个劳动者的劳动量,并按此分配个人消费品。只有劳动才创造价值,其它生产要素仅转移价值,唯有劳动者才能参与新创造价值的分配。社会主义从空想到科学、从理论到实践,经历了漫长而曲折的过程,斯大林和毛泽东都继承了马列主义分配思想,前苏联、东欧和我国都曾长期执行“产品经济体制”以及以此相应的工资制度的按劳分配模式,即单一的生产资料公有制、计划经济、按劳分配。这种分配模式在社会主义国家建国之初的特定历史条件下发挥过积极的、重要的作用。但是,无论是列宁还是斯大林在社会主义的理论和实践中,都未能就商品经济条件下的按劳分配及其实现形式作进一步的解释。随着社会经济的发展,这种分配模式已不适应生产力发展的需要,逐渐演化成“大锅饭”、“铁饭碗”式的分配模式,暴露出生产力水平与平均主义分配恶性循环的诸多弊端。“让少数人、少数地区先富起来,最终达到全体人民的共同富裕”是邓小平收入分配理论的核心,是我们对待收入分配差距问题应坚持的基本方针。江更多还原

【Abstract】 The increase of farmers’income lingers at a low level, and the increasing income gap between urban people and people in the rural areas has become one focus of Chinese economy development, representing lot kinds of conflicts and contradictions in the binary Chinese economic structure. This thesis will make a systematic discussion and research into the topic background, research significance, status quo and historical cause, international comparisons, political and economic effects, and the market and government policies and methods to solve this problem.Ⅰ. IntroductionThe research background and research development both at home and abroad of this problem are firstly analyzed; then there is a brief introduction to the theoretical basis----the income distribution theory from Marxist politics and economics, the western new classical economics, development economics, welfare economics, new policy economics, modern finance and revenue theory, etc. The last part talks about the significance of the research from both the theoretical and practical perspectives.1. Marxist Distribution According to Work Theory is an integrated scientific system. Marxist distribution according to work theory is based on the labor axiology, inheriting the reasonable thoughts of the fantastical socialism, while at the same time criticizing the distribution theory of the capitalist classical schools deeply. Marx thought, in a society where there was only one single public ownership system of the productive materials, there would be no commodity production, and the commodity and money relationship would not exist. Individual working could be directly socialized, and the amount of individual working should be measured by working time, and by the same criterion should the individual consumable products be distributed. Working only produces value, other productive elements just transfer their value, and only laborers could join in the distribution of the newly created value.2. Theory of Development Economics considers the income distribution problem has always been one of the most controversial focuses between structuralist way of thinking and new classical thoughts. Structuralist income distribution theory更多还原