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钙钛矿材料的透氧性能及YBCO膜反应器中甲烷转化制合成气的研究
【作者】 胡捷;
【导师】 胡行;
【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 , 凝聚态物理, 2006, 博士
【摘要】 具有较高氧渗透率的混合导体透氧膜可从空气中直接分离取得纯氧,也可用作膜反应器材料用于烃类的催化氧化。利用膜反应器进行甲烷部分氧化制合成气,使制氧过程与催化过程在一个反应器中同时完成,从而简化了操作过程和费用,提高了反应的选择性和反应过程的安全性,可望使生产成本降低20~30%,在天然气转化上具有巨大应用前景。 本文利用暂态热重法研究了钙钛矿类混合导体LSCFO、SFCO、BSCFO和BCCFO材料的氧扩散过程,揭示了表面交换控制时影响氧扩散速率的主要因素。研究表明,在600~900℃范围,钙钛矿类材料在氧氮气体切换热重实验中都表现出一定的“氧呼吸”性能,氧的吸附速率常数ka均大于氧的脱附速率常数kd并且温度对ka和kd的影响不大。透氧量与kakd/(ka+kd)和Δδ/Vmol有关,但Δδ/Vmol对透氧量起着更重要的作用。 对YBCO的暂态热重法研究表明,YBCO的平衡氧空位浓度δe随温度升高和氧分压减小而增大。YBCO在氧气与氮气气氛下平衡氧含量的差值Δδ随温度的升高而增大,Δδ随温度变化的速率在600℃有一转折点,这与YBCO正交相与四方相的相变温度是一致的。与其它钙钛矿类材料相比较,YBCO的氧吸附速率常数ka略大,氧脱附速率常数kd相当,当氧扩散过程受氧的表面交换控制时,YBCO与其它钙钛矿类材料具有相当的透氧量。 对YBCO膜反应器中甲烷部分氧化反应性能的研究表明,以Ni/ZrO2作为催化剂,进料气流量50ml/min、CH4浓度6.0%(v%)、空速8000h-1条件下,900℃时甲烷转化率、CO选择性和透氧晕分别达到99.8%、95.0%和1.51ml·min-1·cm-2。YBCO膜反应器对甲烷部分氧化还表现出一定的自催化作用,没有催化剂900℃时,甲烷转化率和CO选择性分别达到28%、90%。空速对CO选择性的影响表明,以Ni/ZrO2作为催化剂在YBCO膜反应器中甲烷部分氧化服从间接部分氧化机理。甲烷部分氧化反应适宜的CH4/O2比是2/1,高CH4/O2比会引起催化剂上的积炭,低CH4/O2比会导致CO选择性下降,进料CH4/O2比对CO选择性有较大影响。
【Abstract】 Dense mixed-conducting ceramic membranes with attractive oxygen permeability are of great interest for separating oxygen from air and improving the performance of catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons in membrane reactor. Combining the mixed-conducting membranes with POM reaction could directly use air as the oxidant for POM reaction, which makes the separation of oxygen and catalytic oxidation in one process. Such combining simplifies the process of operation and reduces the production cost about 20-30%. That holds great promise for applications in the conversion of methane to syngas.In this paper, the oxygen permeation properties of mixed-conducting ceramics SFCO, BSCFO, LSCFO and BCCFO were studied by thermogravimetric method in the temperature range 600900°C. The results show that the oxygen adsorption rate constants ka of all material are larger than oxygen desorption rate constants kd. Both ka and kd are not strongly dependent on temperature in the studied temperature range.The oxygen permeation flux relates to kakd /(ka+kd) and Δδ/Vmol.But Δδ/Vmolplays an important role in determining the temperature behavior of oxygen permeation flux.YBCO was studied by a transient thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. The equilibrium oxygen vacancy of YBCO sample increased with the decreasing of surrounding partial oxygen pressure and increasing of temperature. The temperature dependent of Δδ/ has different change rate below 600°C and above 600°C. That consisted with a phase transformation from orthorhombic to a tetragonal phase. Comparing with other perovskite-type materials YBCO has comparative oxygen absorption and desorption rate constant ka and kd, and oxygen permeation flux.The performance of YBCO membrane reactor in the process of partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas was investigated. When Ni/ZrO2 catalyst was used the CH4 conversion and CO selectivity could reach almost 100% and 95% respectively
【Key words】 Oxygen permeation membrane; YBCO; Methane; Partial oxidation; Syngas;