【作者】 雷丽平；

【导师】 张广翔；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 世界历史， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本论文是研究苏联时期东正教研究范畴的一个选题。是这个时期具有代表性的两个阶段。这两个阶段是苏联社会主义理论和社会主义模式运行的缩影。本文共分三章:第一章,阐述的是东正教进入俄罗斯后到斯大林时代之前的九百多年政教关系简况。其中包括十月革命前东正教与俄罗斯国家的关系及十月革命后初期的政教关系简况。第二章,重点论述斯大林时期的宗教政策与政教关系。斯大林有革命时代的经验,但缺乏社会主义建设的经验,本人也缺少文化素质。他在宗教理论和宗教政策上基本执行的是一条镇压路线。卫国战争和战后,斯大林出于利用宗教和教会的目的,实现了国家与教会关系的正常化。第三章,论述的是赫鲁晓夫时期的宗教政策与政教关系。赫鲁晓夫在上台5年后,发动了新一轮的反宗教战役,不仅对苏联各宗教是巨大打击,也极大地败坏了苏联国家的声誉。其教训极为深刻。总之,苏联这个国家(以及其前身俄国),其历史的传统就是只崇尚政治、崇尚武力、崇尚强权、崇尚国家机器而轻视文化,轻视文化在发展中的作用。他们的思维方式,看问题的出发点都是从政治出发,并用政治和强权方式解决问题。其结果,不仅是对宗教、对文化有一系列的错误做法,他们的立国之本、他们的基本国策,很少能从“以人为本”作为总的出发点。当然也不会以“立党为公、执政为民”作为执政的最高目标。巩固政权和发展军事也是他们的最高目标。这也就酿成了最终被人民抛弃,落得“亡党亡国”的下场。更多还原

【Abstract】 Orthodox Eastern Church has been transmitted in Russia for nearly one thousand years (When they were transmitted in Russia, they were called East Christianity or Byzantium Christianity). During this one thousand years, both Orthodox Eastern Church and Russia experienced six periods: Mongolia ruling period, Kievan rus period, Moscow duchy period, Empire period, Soviet Union period and the back period of Soviet Union. This article mainly chose Stalin period and Khrushchev period during the Soviet Union period and the article focused on the discuss of the relationship between Orthodox Eastern Church and Soviet Union as well as the national religious policies. Stalin period and Khrushchev period are critical periods in the history of Soviet Union.One of the most important affairs of the world in the twentieth century is the birth of Soviet Union. Chinese scholars considered this new type of country that was built up by October Revolution didn’t only start a new era of Russian history, but also started a new a era of the whole world’s history. There’s no doubt that the establishment of Soviet Union had a special influence on the world’s history. However, when we stepped into the twenty-first century and looked back on the twentieth century, especially when we reviewed the first socialistic country, Soviet Union, the more it experienced and left other socialistic countries are lesson and experience. The socialistic mode the Soviet built up like this:“it planted the socialism in Soviet Union, while it destroyed the socialism of this land at the same time.”①As for Soviet Union, the research direction should be like this:“considering Soviet Union as a mirror.”②The research in terms of the relationships among religious policies, politics and religion during Stalin and Khrushchev periods is launched under the big background mentioned above. The main study method of this article is using religious problems or the formulation of religious policies as the critical更多还原