【作者】 何金明；

【导师】 卓丽环； 王羽梅；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本研究以内蒙古茴香为材料,利用同时蒸馏萃取装置提取、确定精油含量,利用GC-MS联用仪（Thermo Finnigan,Trace GC-2000/DSQ）并结合成分的保留指数（KI,Kovats index）鉴定精油的组分,使用峰面积归一法确定组分的相对含量,系统研究了茴香精油含量和组分变异及其对环境因子的响应。 不同器官分析表明,在精油含量上,生殖器官高于营养器官,由低到高排序为根、茎、叶、花序梗、花序和果实;在精油的主要成分上,根为其所特有的莳萝芹菜脑,茎为柠檬烯和反式.茴香脑,叶、花序梗、花序和果实精油为反式.茴香脑和柠檬烯;除根外,茴香不同器官精油中反式-茴香脑相对含量由低到高的顺序为茎、花序、花序梗、叶和果实,柠檬烯相对含量由低到高的顺序为根、果实、叶、花序梗、花序和茎。 随着茴香的发育,茴香植株和果实精油含量呈缓慢的近似于直线增长,直到采收时达到最高值;茴香植株精油第一主要成分反式.茴香脑相对含量随着发育的进程表现为先降低再升高的趋势,而第二主要成分柠檬烯的相对含量变化与反式-茴香脑相反。在果实的成熟过程中,以柠檬烯和γ-萜品烯为代表的各种单萜类化合物含量呈不断下降的趋势,而反式-茴香脑、爱草脑和茴香酮含量表现为不断增加的趋势。 我国不同产地茴香果实精油含量在1.65～3.79 m L/100g DM之间,反式.茴香脑相对含量为76.05～82.22%,而茴香酮为1.98～8.11%。引进德国茴香精油含量为7.69 ml/100g DM,其精油组分与内蒙古、新疆等地茴香没有明显差异。 随着光照强度的增加、光照长度的延长和CO₂浓度的升高,茴香精油的含量和单株精油产量也相应不断增加;随着土壤含水量的升高,单株精油产量随之升高,但精油含量表现为中土壤含水量最多,低和高土壤含水量较低。光照强度、光照长度和CO₂浓度处理茴香,其精油主要组分的差异不显著,而含水量处理茴香,其精油中包括反式-茴香脑、柠檬烯在内的多数成分的相对含量差异达到显著或极显著水平。 氮、磷、钾浓度单因素处理试验结果表明,茴香精油含量最高的处理为1/4N、1/8P和1/4K,茴香单株精油产量最高的处理为1N、1P和1K。不同氮和不同磷处理间,其精油成分的相对含量均表现出显著或极显著的差异,不同钾的处理之间,茴香精油成分的相对含量除了6种含量极低的成分外,包括主要成分在内的大多数成分均表现出显著或极显著的差异。 不同氮、磷、钾浓度处理的精油含量、单株精油产量与所对应的碳、氮指标相关分析结果表明,精油含量与全氮含量、全碳含量及可溶性糖含量呈极显著正相关,与蛋白氮含量呈极显著负相关;单株精油产量与全氮含量和精油含量呈显著正相关,而与碳/氮比呈显著负相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effects of environmental factors on content and components variance of essential oil in fennel （Foeniculum vulgare Mill.） were studied using Inner Mongolia fennel cultivars as materials. The essential oil was extracted and fixed quantify by a simultaneous distillation and extraction installation, the components of essential oil were identified by GC-MS with Kovats index. The relative content of each component of essential oil was ascertained by method of peak area nomalization. The main conclusions are as follows:The contents of essential oil in reproductive organs were higher than that of nutrient organs with a sequence of fruit> anthotaxy> peduncle> leaves> stem> root. There were different major components of essential oil in different organs: root was dillapiol which exists only in root, stem was limonene and （E）-anethole, and leaf, peduncle, anthotaxy and fruit were （E）-anethole and limonene. The relative content of （E）-anethole in essential oil from different fennel organs except for root was fruit> leaves > peduncle> anthotaxy> stem. The relative content of limonene was stem > anthotaxy >peduncle >leaves >fruit >root.With fennel development, the contents of essential oil in the plant and seed were increased slowly in a linear function untill it arrived at the peak value during harvest stage. The relative contents of （E）-anethole in essential oil showed a trend of reducing firstly and increasing again, while the changing pattern in relative content of limonene was contrary to that of （E）-anethole. The contents of monoterpenes compounds, such as limonene and γ-terpinene, dropped continually, however, the contents of （E）-anethole, Estragole and Fenchone enhanced ceaselessly, during the riping course of fennel fruit.Contents of essential oil in fennel fruit from different producing area of china were 1.65-3.79 m L / 100g DM, the relative content of （E）-anethole was 76.05-82.22% , and that of Fenchone was 1.98-8.11%. The content of essential oil in German fennel was 7.69 ml / 100g DM. There were no obvious difference in components among German fennel, Inner Mongolia fennel and xinjiang fennel.The contents of essential oil and the yields of essential oil per plant increased continually with prolonged photophase light length, increased light intensity and CO₂ concentrations. The yields of essential oil per plant increased with improved soil water content, but the highest content of essential oil was in condition of moderate soil water content, not in sufficient soil water content. Effects of light length, light intensity and CO₂ concentrations on the relative contents of major component in essential oil were not significant, however, a significant difference in the relative contents among （E）-anethole, limonene and else major essential oil component was observed under different soil moisture.A solution cultivation one-factor experiment was conducted, the results obtained were as follows: the treatments be of most contents of essential oil were 1/4N, 1/8P and 1/4K, the treatments be of most yields per plant were 1N> IP and IK. There was a significant or very significant difference in relative contents of essential oil components among the different treatments of N and P. A significant or very significant difference in relative contents of the most components of essential oil except for the 6 components be of very lower contents among different treatments of K was observed.Correlation analysis among contents of essential oil, yield of essential oil per plant and the C, N content of fennel treated with different N,P,K concentrations was done. The results showed that the contents of essential oil were significantly positive correlated to the full carbon contents, the full nitrogen contents, and the soluble sugar contents of fennel plant respectively, and significantly negative correlation to the proteinic nitrogen contents of fennel plant;The yields of essential oil per plant were significantly positive correlated to the full nitrogen contents of and the essential oil content, and significant negative correlation to the C/N of fennel plant.更多还原