【作者】 陈伟；

【导师】 章宜华；

【作者基本信息】 广东外语外贸大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2006， 博士

【副题名】英汉词典中例证翻译的目的性研究

【摘要】 根据功能翻译理论，任何翻译活动都是一种目的性行为，并且正是这种目的性，决定着翻译过程中所运用的策略。例证翻译同样如此，因而，例证翻译所依附的目的性就成为例证翻译系统研究中的一个关键性的基本问题。鉴于现有例证翻译研究所呈现的经验性与主观性特点，本论文首先立足理论词典学与翻译学理论，并借助实证研究方法，对现有例证翻译的目的性思想进行了学理反思，以澄清例证翻译研究新概念构建过程中非法的认识论模式。研究结果表明，现有例证翻译思想中“译者的目的性”取向虽然在语言认知层面上是可行的，但本质上只是“翻译”作为一种语言实践活动而具有的基本功能，无法作为一根思想主轴显现例证翻译特殊的操作理念、操作原则、操作策略等质素，同时也缺乏学理上的归宗与逻辑上的照应；“交际的目的性”取向中，旨在对词目意义进行阐发的思想的确有着实践上的现实性与学理上的可行性，而旨在体现原有例证语法功能与句法特征的观点则不具有充分的理据性，既不符合翻译活动基于意义的交际特性，也与例证自身所归属的“言语”本性相悖；“策略性的目的性”取向中，直译策略思想不仅具有学理性，而且合乎目的性，而活译策略思想则因为词典文本的意义取向与语言风格取向以及例证语境的特殊性，在词典学理论规范内并不能得到圆满的阐释。 反思的目的在于新概念的构建。例证翻译特殊性的终极根源就在于例证译者(双语词典编纂者)这个实际操作者受制于一个更大操控者，这就是词典文本的特殊属性：“双语共现性”决定了例证译文对于原语例证的依附关系，例证翻译必须在词典学规范内对不同语言体系起着一种协调与指导作用，而“规范性”则决定了例证翻译必须承受汉语语言客观性和科学性的制约与擎肘；这两种特性又共同决定了例证翻译必须把词典使用者放置在操作视域之内，以服务于他们从事正确、规范的语言学习为己任。所以，例证翻译的目的性不是取决于委托人、译者等的主观意愿或要求，而只能发轫于词典作为一种特殊文本自身的客观规范，这就是词典例证功能，它最终决定着例证翻译目的性的具体内容。但是，例证并不等同于同层级的其它语言单位，它是一种双功能语言构体，既具有普通言语单位的交际功能(隐性功能)，又具有作为辅助词典释义手段之一的例证功能(显性功能)。不过，一方面，在理论词典学范畴中，例证是以词目为核心，是因词目而衍生出相应的显性功能；另一方面，在翻译学范畴中，例证翻译作为一种真正的翻译实践活动，在本质上完全类似于普通翻译，都以“(翻)译(意)义”为中心内容。基于这两点，例证翻译的目的性就是要使例证中的词目翻译能够彰显出例证基于“意义”的显性功能，具体细化为意义实证功能、意义阐发功能、更多还原

【Abstract】 Functionalist approaches to translation state that any translating is a purposeful activity, and that it is just the involved purpose or skopos that determines the strategy in translation. The same is example translation in bilingual dictionaries, and hence the skopos of example translation becomes the most fundamental element for systematic research in the regard. Since current ideas on example translation are by nature subjective and completely based on experience, the dissertation firstly conducts academic reflection on them from the perspective of lexicography and translatology with the help of empirical methodologies if needed, for the aim of clearing up illegal understanding on example translation. The results demonstrate that the orientation of skopos by dictionary translators is fairly random and blank without reflecting the distinctive features of example translation and accordingly cannot produce any corresponding manipulating ideas, principles and strategies, that the communicative purpose of extending headword meaning holds true both in practice and in theory while that of manifesting the grammatical function and syntactic pattern of headword neither caters to the communicative nature of translating based on meaning nor embodies the same nature of parole with example itself, and that in the orientation of strategic skopos the idea of literal translation catches academic attribute and has its own legal purpose while that of dynamic translation cannot be explained satisfactorily in lexicographical field due to the specialty of the orientation of dictionary text in meaning and language style on one hand and context involved with examples on the other hand.A reflection aims at the construction of new concepts. The ultimate root of example translation’s specialty lies in the special features of dictionary text that dominate over dictionary compilers’ private wish and willing. The feature of co-occurrence of involved two languages makes it that example translation has to give full scope to coordination and guidance between the two language systems under the norm of lexicography. The feature of normativeness brings example translation under the constraints of the objectivity and scientific nature. And both the two features make it that example translation should keep dictionary users in view and be helpful for their correct and normative language study. So, the orientation of the skopos of example translation is not made by commissioner or translator, but by the objective norm of dictionary as a special kind of text, i.e. example function, which is the ultimate determination of the details of the更多还原