【作者】 格根图；

【导师】 李青丰； 贾玉山；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本文旨在为草地休牧、禁牧期农牧民开拓粗饲料资源、科学饲养草食家畜提供可借鉴的思路和方法。以绒山羊为试验动物,对柠条（caragana spp.）、猪毛菜（solsola spp.）、杨树叶等非常规粗饲料进行了系统的饲用研究。研究了微贮处理前后3种非常规粗饲料营养物质含量、采食量和瘤胃动态降解率变化。探讨了3种非常规粗饲料与玉米秸秆按不同比例混合后,对绒山羊瘤胃内环境pH值、氨态氮浓度、挥发性脂肪酸浓度、食糜颗粒粒度分布以及表观消化率、N代谢平衡的影响。对试验结果进行综合分析后得到如下结论:①3种非常规粗饲料中杨树叶的营养价值最高,柠条次之,猪毛菜最低;作为单一日粮饲喂绒山羊时,其干物质采食量分别为59.4、62.5和80.1g/kgW0.75。其干物质、粗蛋白质、可消化能的供给量与绒山羊维持需要量相比均存在一定缺陷。②杨树叶在绒山羊瘤胃的有效降解率极显著（P<0.01）高于柠条和猪毛菜;而柠条除粗蛋白质的有效降解率显著（P<0.05）高于猪毛菜外,其它纤维性物质组分的有效降解率和整体降解率显著（P<0.05）低于猪毛菜。③可降解有机物质采食量（DOMI）是适合对非常规粗饲料饲用价值进行综合评价的指数。各种非常规粗饲料的DOMI值,可以基于中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量,通过下列回归估测模型计算: OMI(g/kgW^0.75)= 17.67 + 0.698×NDF （R² = 0.954,P<0.01） OM （PED）=（82.39-1.201×ADF）/100 （R² =0.919,P<0.01） DOMI(g/kgW^0.75)= OMI×OM （PED）式中:NDF、ADF含量以其占干物质的百分数（%DM）表示。杨树叶、猪毛菜、柠条的DOMI值分别为:18.99、14.70和8.74 g/kgW^0.75。④综合考虑可消化干物质和沉积N供给能力,柠条、猪毛菜、杨树叶等非常规粗饲料与玉米秸秆混合时,适宜添加比例分别为:42～43%、42～51%和26～42%。⑤微贮处理技术可以显著提高非常规粗饲料的消化、降解率和蛋白质利用率;但是,由于在体外降解部分纤维物质,对于其能量供给有一定的负面影响。⑥从本试验的各项有关绒山羊利用非常规粗饲料的试验结果来看,在草地休牧、禁牧期以非常规饲料为主要日粮短期饲喂绒山羊是可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three roughage forages of Caragana, Solsola and poplar leaves were used to study their feeding values for goat raising in none-grazing pen-feeding period. Feeding values （in terms of nutrient contents, animal intake and dynamic digestibility in rumen） of the three forages were evaluated before and after microbial treatments. Influences of feeds with different proportions of the three forages in maize straw on rumen internal pH, NH3-N concentration, VFA concentration, distribution of feed granules and apparent digestibility, Nitrogen metabolic balance of the mixed feeds were studied. The results are as follows.①Poplar leaves has the highest nutritional value among the three forage, followed by Caragana and Salsola. Dry material intake of the three forages are 59.4, 62.5, 80.1g/kgw0.75, respectively. The three forages are all in deficiency for feeding goats in terms of availabilities of dry matter, crude protein and digestible energy supply.②The PED （Potential Effective Digestibility） of poplar leaves in goat rumen is significantly higher （p<0.01） than those of Caragana and Salsola; Apart from crude protein PED, PEDs of other fiber materials and total PED of Caragana is lower than （p<0.05） that of salsola.③DOMI （Digestible Organic Matter Intake） is a suitable index for assessing roughage forage feeding value. DOMI values of roughage forages can be obtained based on the contents of NDF and ADF through the following regression equations. OMI(g/kgw^0.75)=17.67+0.698×NDF （R²=0.954,p<0.01） OM（PED）=（82.39-1.201×ADF） /100 （R²=0.919,P<0.01） DOMI(g/kgw^0.75)=OMI×OM（PED） Where, NDF and ADF are expressed as % DM in the feed. The DOMI values of poplar leaves, Salaola and Caragana were 18.99g/gk w^0.75, 14.70 g/kgw^0.75and 8.47 g/kgw^0.75, respectively.④Considering the availabilities of digestible dry matter and deposited nitrogen in the animal rumens, the suitable proportion of Caragana, Salsola and poplar leaves in the mixture with maize straws are 42～43%, 42～51% and 26～42% , respectively.⑤Digestibility, decomposition rate and utilization rate of roughage forages can be improved by microbial treatments. However, microbial treatments had negative effects on energy supply ability of the roughage forages due to the loss of fiber materials during the treatment.更多还原