宗白华艺术学思想研究

【作者】 时宏宇；

【导师】 李衍柱；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 宗白华是中国现代美学、文艺学、艺术学的奠基人之一。宗白华的思想在20世纪80年代中期逐渐成为学术研究的热点,引来众多研究者的学术兴趣,但是学界更注目他的美学思想,对他的艺术学思想的全面研究至今没有力作产生。本文在唯物辩证法的指导下,运用历史的方法和理论联系实际的方法对宗白华的艺术学思想作全面的阐释,以帮助我们认清宗白华艺术学有哪些方面的创获,给予我们怎样的启示,更重要的是我们可以借此反思艺术学建设走过的历程,克服我们自身的研究弊端,建构二十一世纪的中国艺术学。首先,阐释宗白华艺术学思想的形成和发展,突出宗白华艺术学思想在各个时期的不同特点,强调了他接受马克思主义之后,为他的艺术学思想增加了新质。第二,主要阐释宗白华艺术学思想的“形而上”原理,宗白华确立了自己具有民族特色的生命哲学体系,“道、气、象、和”的四维结构与时空意识构成的生命哲学理论成为他生命哲学的基础。“道”是他生命哲学的元点;“气”是他生命哲学的母体;“象”是他生命哲学的形态;“和”是他生命哲学的至境,这是本文对宗白华生命哲学所作的独特阐释。时空意识是宇宙观的重要组成部分,宗白华的时空意识是《周易》的时空观和爱因斯坦的“四维空间”论的融合,爱因斯坦创立了相对论,批判了西方传统的那种割裂时空,割裂物质和空间的“静止空间”,阐释了他的“四维空间”理论,反复说明了空间和时间是物质和场的载体,时空融合成为一个具有四维结构的世界。爱因斯坦的四维空间是时空统一的,大大拓展了人们的思维空间,这种空间理论使得我们的观察由空间的静态转向动态,具有重要的价值,宗白华吸取了爱因斯坦的这一时空观,与中国的《周易》时空意识融合起来,形成了自己独特的时空意识。第三,主要阐释宗白华艺术学思想体系的构建,包括艺术学的研究对象和方法,艺术创造论、艺术欣赏论、艺术形式论、艺术价值论等内容;其中分析了宗白华的艺术天才理论,认为宗白华借鉴了康德、叔本华的观点并有所超越。康德认为天才具有想象的能力,独创性是天才的第一特性,并认为这种想象力是自然的天赋;宗白华借鉴了康德的理论,认为艺术天才具有独创的想象力,但不同于康德,他认为这种想象力是艺术家日积月累后的突然贯通,并不是先天的禀赋,天才有待于勤苦的工作。可见,宗白华没有完全照搬康德的观点,他在借鉴中有所超越,有所创见。叔本华认为天才不同于普通人在于天才能摆脱意志,掌握理念,表现出一种对欲求没有任何关系的认识即纯粹认识,天才的智慧占多而意志更多还原

【Abstract】 Zongbaihua is one of the founders of Chinese modern aesthetics, literature studiesand the study of art. In the mid-1980s of 20th century the study of Zongbaihua’sthought has gradually become a hot of academic research, many academic researcherswere attracted, but the fields of academic research pay more attention to his aesthetics,a masterpiece of a comprehensive study to the study of art has not have been produced.In the guidance of materialist dialectics, the article has a comprehensive specificinterpretation of Zongbaihua’s thought of the study of art with historical methods andways of theory with practical to help us understand the creatives and inspiration ofZongbaihua’s the study of art , but more importantly, we can have this opportunity toreflect on the journey of development of art, overcome our own shortcomings ofresearch and build the study of art of 21st century in China.First of all, formation and development of Zongbaihua’s thought of the study of art areexplained. Different characteristics of Zongbaihua’s thought of the study of art atdifferent times are highlighted. New quality of his thought of the study of art isemphasized after he accepted Marxism.Second, "metaphysical" principles of Zongbaihua’s thought of the study of art areexplained from the theoretical source , philosophical basis and methodology.Zongbaihua established own system of life philosophy with a national characteristics.The base of life philosophy is made up of four operational structure of "Tao, Qi,image,kind" and sense of space-time. "Tao" is the first point of his life philosophy;"Qi" is the body of his life philosophy;"image" is the pattern of his life philosophy;"kind"is the state of his life philosophy, which is described as the unique explain ofZongbaihua’s life philosophy. The space-time awareness is an important part of worldview. Zongbaihua’s space-time awareness is the integration of the space-time conceptof "Book of Change" and Einstein’s concept of "four-dimension space". Einsteincreated the theory of relativity, criticized Western traditional "static space" thatseparates time and space and fragments material and space and explained his "four-dimension space" theory. Einstein repeatedly explained that the space and thetime are the carrier of material and field, space-time integration forming the world withstructure of the thinking. Einstein’s "four-dimension space" is space-time uniform,greatly expanding the space of people’s thinking, which enable us to observe objectfrom static space to dynamic space with important value. Zongbaihua draw lessonsfrom Einstein’s concept of "four-dimension space" and the space-time concept of"Book of Change" and develop his own unique space-time awareness.Third, the system Zongbaihua’s thought of the study of art is interpreted.Including the research object and research methods of the study of art, the theory of artcreation, the theory of art appreciation, the theory of art form and the theory of artvalue. Zongbaihua’s theory of artistic genius is analyzed, drawing lessons from thetheory of Kant, Schopenhauer but going beyond them. Kant considered genius havethe ability of imagine which is a natural endowment. Creative is the first character ofgenius. Zongbaihua thinks art genius have original imagination that artist suddenlyopened through accumulating over a long period without inherent talent, genius needloyal work. Zongbaihua does not completely copy Kant’s view but learn from it andbeyond it. Schopenhauer think t genius escape from will, grasp the concept and have apure awareness without desire which genius is different from ordinary people. Genius’wisdom is more than his will. Zongbaihua also thinks genius have the quietly watchedstate with outstanding wisdom. Because genius can clearly see the world withoutstanding wisdom. Schopenhauer think that the world is suffering and bored, butgenius gifted can clearly see the suffering full of sorrow in the world with the quietlywatched eyes. Zongbaihua believed that there is a genius that not only see the worldclearly and see the world thoroughly. Such gifted works makes people painful whilebeyond sufferings, which requires extremely smart, understands the world clearly andhave sympathy with the generous forgiveness, So this is the "tears of laughter"-humour.Fourth, Zongbaihua’s study of the typical arts is explained, including the theory ofPoem, the theory of Painting, the theory of Calligraphy, the theory of music, the theoryof Construction and the theory of drama. In the interpretation of Zongbaihua’s theoryof painting, we analyzed his theoretical of Portrait, and this is unique scenery inZongbaihua’s theory of painting.The Chinese scholars are concerned about thetheoretical summary of aesthetic characteristics of china painting and insufficientlyanalyze about theory of Portrait. The article have analysis from the aspect of spiritincluding the performance of inner spirit and the whole spirit. Zongbaihua grasped themain features of Portrait, have unique and meticulous theoretical analysis throughZongbaihua’s explaining that inner spirit and eyes is the best performance of Portraitand performance of character and life posture are performed through clothing wrinklein Chinese Portrait.,Which is a important significance of contemporary Portrait. In theinterpretation of Zongbaihua’s theory of music, to better understand difference oftheory of music between Confucius and Chuang Tzu, we make a form to compare thedifference from the name of music, type of music, characteristics of music, spirit ofphilosophy and cultural meaning. Confucius and Chuang Tzu appreciate differentmusic because of the spirit differences of philosophy and culture. Confucius payattention to shao music, because the spirit of the music integrate with the spirit of themoral;Chuang Tzu’s pay attention to xianchi music which makes human fear, danger,doubt, ignorance, but the music can reach “Road” he said.Finally, the formation of the study of art, development of the study of art in china,Zongbaihua’s outstanding contribution to the building of the study of art in China andthe important value of his thought of the study of art. Zongbaihua is a pioneer andfounder in the field of the study of art in China. His thought laid the groundwork forthe study of art with national characteristics in china. It is of inspirational significancethat his opening road , his modern conversion to classical category and pioneeringresearch to the typical arts in China. Zongbaihua’s thought of the study of art shouldhave wide attention and in-depth research.更多还原