【作者】 郝建荣；

【导师】 柳益群；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2006， 博士

【副题名】以新疆吐—哈、三塘湖盆地为例

【摘要】 盆地构造—热史研究是盆地分析和油气勘探研究的重要组成部分。盆地现今热状态和热历史是盆地构造演化过程的综合反映,可为研究盆地内烃源岩层生烃状态的时空分布、油气运移和储集提供重要物理参数。本文从板块构造学、地球动力学、含油气盆地分析的角度,以当代板块构造理论和叠合盆地研究的新成果、新认识为指导思想,在界定叠合盆地概念以及总结叠合盆地基本特征的基础上,以吐-哈盆地、三塘湖盆地为例,以盆地的形成、发展和演化对热历史的控制为主线,采用多种学科、多种测试手段相结合的方法进行系统、动态、综合、定量研究盆地热演化史,探讨中国西部叠合含油气盆地的演化、构造—热史以及烃源岩成熟的规律,为盆地油气勘探提供重要的理论基础。 吐-哈、三塘湖盆地夹持于天山造山带、阿尔泰造山带之间,是晚古生代北疆大陆固结以来以中—新生代陆相沉积为主体、具复杂演化历史的陆内叠合盆地。盆地经历了多期、多阶段的构造运动的叠加与改造。盆地的发育受古生代、中—新生代两种演化体制控制,在动力学机制以及构造热演化方面具有一定的共性。 1、在盆地主要不整合面以及盆地构造沉降史研究的基础上,分析盆地演化过程中的应力状况以及构造沉降特征,并基于对盆地基本地质条件的认识,确定盆地各期的基本类型。研究表明,吐-哈盆地、三塘湖盆地均具有类似的快速—缓慢—快速三段式沉降特征,反映两盆地具有统一的区域应力场。盆地演化可分为区域伸展背景下的断陷—拗陷盆地、弱伸展背景下的拗陷盆地以及挤压挠曲作用下的山间盆地发育阶段。 2、从区域构造演化背景分析入手,分析吐-哈、三塘湖盆地的演化历程及其动力学机制。北疆地区受古亚洲洋构造域、新—老特提斯构造域的影响,经历了多期伸展、聚敛以及多期构造运动的改造,最终形成现今的构造面貌。吐-哈、三塘湖盆地演化分为基底形成、盆地发育演化以及盆地改造阶段等演化历程,受古生代、中生代、新生代不同的动力学机制控制。盆地形成演化是多种机制联合作用的结果。中生代以来,吐-哈、三塘湖盆地的演化受到造山带演化的控制,具有相当鲜明的盆—山耦合特征。 3、从构造热事件(宏观)以及盆地内沉积层热演化(局部)两个方面对吐-哈、三塘湖盆地进行热演化研究。利用火山岩同位素年代学、磷灰石裂变径迹以及流体包裹体测温技术辨析海西期、印支期、燕山期区域构造热事件。研究表明,随时代变新,热事件影响由强变弱,区域热背景值逐渐降低。在利用Mckenzie地更多还原

【Abstract】 Study on tectonic and thermal history of basin is a important part in basin analysis and hydrocarbon exploration. The thermal state and thermal history of the basin nowadays are not only the objective exhibition in tectonic evolution, but can provide the significant physical parameter for space-time distribution of oil-producing situation of generating strata, hydrocarbon migration and reservoir. This thesis quantitatively studies the thermal evolution history of the basins with the systematical, integrated, dynamic and comprehensive study methods. From the plate tectonics, geodynamics and oil-gas bearing basin analysis fields, using the new results and recognitions of plate tectonics theory and superimpose basin as the guideline, the evolution of superimpose oil-gas bearing basins in western China and tectonic-thermal history, mature rule of generating rock are discussed by the combination methods of multi-branch of learning and multi-instrumentation. Select the Turpan-Hami basin and Santanghu basin as the important areas, the study principal line are the control of the basin formation, development and evolution to the thermal history. It can provide the important theory basis for the hydrocarbon exploration of the basins.The Turpan-Hami basin and Santanghu basin are all the intracontinental superimpose basins with complex evolution history, which are located between the Tianshan orogen and Altaides. The basins have experienced the superimpose and reformation of multiphase and multistage tectonic activitys, their development are controlled by two evolution system of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic-Cenozoic, showing a bound of community in dynamics and tectonic-thermal evolution.1. On the basis of the cognition to the basic geology condition of basins and unconformity, tectonic subsidence history study, it can analysis the stress state in the course of evolution and tectonic subsidence characteristics, as well as define the basin types in every epoch. It is indicate that the Turpan-Hami basin and Santanghu basin share the similar subsidence features like as fast-slowly- fast triple-line, reflecting their united regional stress field. The evolution of the basins can be devide three periods, including faulted basin in extending setting, depression basin in slight extending setting and intermountain basin in extrusion setting.2. By analysis the regional tectonic evolution setting, the discussion can be made on evolution history and dynamic system of Turpan-Hami basin and Santanghu basin. On the affect of paleo-Asia ocean and new-old Thetis structural domain, the two basinshave experienced multiphase extending, convergent and reformation of tectonic movement, showing tectonic features nowadays at last. The evolution of the basin can be devided several stages including of the formation of the basement, the evolution and the deformation etc. The evolution of Turpan-Hami basin and Santanghu basin were controlled by the evolution of orogen from Mesozoic, showing basin-orogen coupling features obviously.3. The study of thermal evolution to Tuha and Santanghu basins can be worked from two respects include tectonic thermal event(macroscopy) and thermal evolution in sedimentary stratum of basin(local). By the methods of volcanics isotope chronology, apatite fission track and inclusion thermometry, the regional tectonic thermal event can be discussed in Hercynian, Indo-Chinese epoch and Yanshan epoch. It is indicate that the affect of thermal event change from strong to weak and the regional background value depress gradually with the age become young. By using ’Mckenzie’ model to simulate tectonic-thermal evolution and Ro, fission track etc. thermal index, the thermal history can be resumed intra-basins with the technics of Easyi?o% model and inverse modeling of fission track, stressly resolving the suitability and accuracy problems of thermal index. It is prove that the basins have experienced fast heating course in Permian, slowly cooling course in Triassic-Early Crataceous and primary steady course in Tertiary to nowadays. The geothermal gradient of the two basins have the characteristics of high in paleo and low nowadays. Their show the traits of high in east and low in west in Turpan-Hami basin and high in west and low in east in Santanghu basin as in the plane. Because of the different burial history and thermal evolution course of the basins, the generating rock can become mature and hydrocarbon accumulation in multiple phase.4. On the basis of the study in tectonic-thermal evolution in Turpan-Hami basin and Santanghu basin, the relation can be discussed between tectonic-thermal evolution of superimpose basin and maturity of oil source rock. It is indicate that magma thermal activity play the important role in maturity of oil source rock of Carboniferous and Permian. We can expound thermogene pattern in each evolution stage of superimpose basin by way of the Turpan-Hami basin and Santanghu basin and generalize the relation between tectonic-thermal history and hydrocarbon by means of contrasting thermal evolution history of several superimpose basin in western China.更多还原