【作者】 樊瑛；

【导师】 薛荣久；

【作者基本信息】 对外经济贸易大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2006， 博士

【副题名】绩效、挑战与解决之道

【摘要】 本文在分析多边贸易体制绩效基础上,重点研究多边贸易体制面临的挑战,并寻求适当的解决方法。本文的核心理念是:就世界经济和贸易发展整体需要而言,多边贸易体制是较优的协调国际贸易秩序的制度安排。多边贸易体制的绩效表明它是成功的,本文旨在找到应对多边贸易体制所面临挑战的适当解决方式,以使多边贸易体制的成功得以继续延续。本文的逻辑起点是:多边贸易体制是建立在规则基础上的制度安排,是一个由所有成员方通过协商一致原则制定的多边贸易规则来管理全球贸易的体制。本文所有研究路径都紧紧围绕着多边贸易规则这个出发点进行延伸。多边贸易体制的运作包括规则的制订、规则的执行和规则的监督。本文阐述和分析了对应上述三项内容的运作机制——决策和谈判机制、争端解决机制、贸易政策审议机制的运行特征和面临的挑战,并提出改进方法。多边贸易规则中有很多亟待修正的内容,本文选取了有关区域贸易安排(RTAs)和对发展中成员的特殊和差别待遇(S&D)的规则进行了分析和阐述。本文还将多边贸易体制置于全球经济治理中的大背景之下,就多边贸易体制与成员政府的关系、与其它国际机构进行合作以及应对市民社会要求提高透明度和参与度的挑战进行了分析。最后本文就加强多边贸易体制中国的立场和作为做出建议。本文认为多边贸易体制面临的挑战包括:不断增多的参与者(发展中成员)和关注者(市民社会)、不断扩大的管辖范围、不断上升的区域主义、不断变化的全球治理要求、不断突显的贸易和发展问题以及不堪负荷的运行机制等。本文提出应对上述挑战的解决方法包括:改善和提高多边贸易体制的运行机制,提高多边贸易体制的运行效率;提高透明度,包括对发展中成员的对内透明度和对市民社会的对外透明度;提高参与度,包括所有成员特别是发展中成员的参与度;更公平的规则修正,包括让广大发展中成员继续享受特殊和差别待遇,平衡发展中成员在多边贸易体制中的权利和义务;约束区域贸易安排,将区域主义和多边主义的冲突降低到最小限度;加强多边贸易体制在全球治理中的作用,处理好政府主权让渡与遵守多边贸易规则管辖的关系并加强与其它国际机构合作。本文的结论是多边贸易体制应该得到加强,但是不能侵犯各成员经济主权;应该提高运作效率,但是要更加关注发展中成员的发展需要;应该更加开放,但不侵蚀其代表性和合法性的基础;进一步实行贸易自由化,但是不建立在社会问题的最低标准之上;既有自身合理的管辖范围,又与其它国际经济组织和机构积极配合实现有效的全球经济治理。多边贸易体制应成为一个更加公平、高效、专注、透明和权威的多边制度安排。本文建议中国在加强多边贸易体制中的总体战略是“互利共赢、和谐发展”,具体策略是“积极主动、灵活务实、趋利避害、合纵连横”。本文是一篇规范分析,所有章节都置于标准的经济学分析框架之下并严格地以经济学范式展开。本文希望通过上述研究为中国更好地参与和加强多边贸易体制提供建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation aims at clarifying the challenges the multilateral trading systemfaced as well as the achievements the system has accomplished and finding out theappropriate solutions to meet these challenges.The core idea of the dissertation is that the multilateral system is successful in itsown history and it will benefit from the reinforcement of its mechanisms and institution.The staring point is that the multilateral trading system is a rule-based system and themultilateral trading rules makes the development of international trade more stableand more predictable. To continue its success requires the reform of mechanism ofmaking the rules, implementing the rules and supervising the rules.The multilateral trading system faced many challenges. More and more membersentered WTO, which makes it very difficult to conclude by so many members in thenegotiations. More interested parties, mainly civil societies or NGOs raised newrequirements to the system. The gap between the developed and developing members iswidened and the multilateral trade agreement had implementation problems. Thescope of the system is becoming broader and many non-trade issues included in the newagenda, which make it more difficult to come to terms. The global governance requiresthe system to cooperate with other international organization instead of functioning byit own. The proliferation of regionalism threatened the MFN-based non-discriminationprinciple of multilateral trading system.The following recommendations were made to meet the above-mentionedchallenges. The improvement of the multilateral negotiation mechanism as well as thedispute settlement mechanism and trade policy review mechanism must pay attentionto both efficiency and equity. The system should also improve both its internaltransparency to developing members and external transparency to civil societies. Tradewas widely regarded as a key catalyst for future growth of the world economy and fordeveloping members and more S&D should be given to meet the needs of developingcountries. Regulation of PTAs rules should be stricter to avoid the erosion tonon-discrimination principle of the system.China is now a trade giant in multilateral trading system and will play a moreimportant role in the future. China believes that a more fair, more efficient, moreconcentrating, more transparent and more authoritative multilateral trading system isbeneficial to both world and China and is prepared carry out new responsibilitiescompatible to China’s development level.更多还原