【作者】 侯学良；

【导师】 李秉滔；

【作者基本信息】 华南农业大学 ， 植物学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 本文对中国番荔枝科植物进行了分类学修订。同时对中外番荔枝科的分类学研究的历史和现状作了简要的回顾。研究的腊叶标本约有10,000份,主要来源于中国最大的几个标本馆,包括90﹪以上的中国现有的番荔枝科植物标本。同时也作了必要的野外调查,观察了一些植物的生境和立地条件下的各种特征。对每个种的具体研究包括如下几个方面:1.地理分布; 2.生活习性; 3.花果期; 4.叶柄的长、宽、毛被及其他; 5.叶片的形状、大小、质地、毛被和中、侧脉等; 6.花序的着生位置、具花数目、花的颜色、气味等; 7.花序梗、花梗的长、直径、毛被、具苞片和小苞片的情况; 8.花萼的分合状况、形状、大小、毛被等; 9.花瓣数目、形状、大小、质地、毛被等。10.雄蕊的数目、形状、大小,尤其是药隔顶端的特征; 11.心皮的数目,子房的形状、大小,柱头的形状、大小,每心皮胚珠数目及着生状况; 12.果期的花序梗、果梗、小果梗、花托; 13.小果数目、形状、大小、颜色、果壁的薄厚及瘤突等; 14.种子数目、形状、大小等。与此同时,也进行了相关的文献研究。制作并观察了89种植物叶片的脉序,其中2种为外国种。全科脉序类型一致,全为环结曲行羽状脉。多数种的中脉中等粗,少数粗或细。侧脉通常中等粗、弧曲、分支、近缘网结。二级间脉在多数种中可见。三级脉任意结网型或贯串型,或二者兼而有之。最高级脉为4、5。盲脉常1-2次分支,或简单兼1-2次分支,很少3-4次分支。基于以上研究,所得结果如下: 1.确认中国产番荔枝科植物21属,102种,1变种(其中2属,6种,1变种为引进栽培种)。2.分析并总结了每个种在不同环境和不同发育时期的各种形态特征的变化,对种的范围作出界定,并作了详细的描述。3.对各种重要的形态特征的分类意义以及中国番荔枝科的系统演化作了讨论。作者赞同Sinclair(1955)的系统,把整个番荔枝科分为番荔枝亚科Annonoideae和Monodoroideae亚科。中国番荔枝科植物全部隶属于番荔枝亚科,可分为6族:紫玉盘更多还原

【Abstract】 The taxonomic revision of the Annonaceae from China was made, and the history and the current situation of Annonaceae from China and other countries in the world were briefly reviewed. About 10,000 specimens, consisting of more than 90﹪ Annonaceae specimens in China, were studied. At the same time, field investigation was made in order to observe the habitat and the living character of the plant. The morphological characters studied on each species were as follows: 1. Distribution; 2. Habit; 3. Flowering and fruiting; 4. Leaf stalk; 5. Shape, size, texture, indument, primary vein and secondary vein of leaves; 6. Inflorescence; 7. Peduncles, pedicels and bracts; 8. Sepals; 9. Number, shape, size, texture, indument of flowers; 10. Number, shape and size of stamens, especially the apex of connectives; 11. Number of carpels, the shape and size of ovaries and stigmas; 12. Size of peduncles and pedicels in fruiting, the size of fruitlet stalks and torus; 13. Number, shape, size and color of fruitlets; 14. Number, shape and size of seeds. In the meantime, literatures relative to the Annonaceae from China were studied. The leaf venation of eighty-nine species, including two exotic species, were cleared and observed. Venation patterns were brochidodromous, across the family. Most of the primary veins were moderate, few massive or stout. The secondary veins were usually moderate, curved, branched and reticulated near the margin of the leaves. Intersecondary veins were existed in most species. Tertiary veins were random reticulate or percurrent or having both at the same time. Highest vein order was 4o or 5o. The veinlets often 1-2 branched or simple and 1-2 branched, seldom 3-4 branched. Basded on the study above, the research results are summarized as follows: 1. Twenty-one genus, one hundred and two species and one variety were recognized, among them two genus, six species and one variety are exotic. 2. The morphological variation of each species in various habitat and different developmental stage were analyzed and summarized. Each species was delimited and described. 3. The role of various key characters and the systematics of the Annonaceae from China were discussed. The author agreed with Sinclair’s classification. The family was divided into two subfamilies. Annonoideae and Monodoroideae. All the Annonaceae from China belonged to Annonoideae, and were divided into six tribes: Uvarieae, Unoneae, Xylopieae, Miliuseae, Mitrephoreae and Annonineae. 4. The relationship between Saccopetalum and Miliusa, Desmos and Dasymaschalon, Mezzettiopsis and Orophea, Chienodendron and Meiogyne, Enicosanthellum and Polyalthia were briefly discussed. The author agreed that Saccopetalum, Mezzettiopsis, Chienodendron and Enicosanthellum were respectively reduced to Miliusa, Orophea, Meiogyne and Polyalthia. The genus Desmos and Dasymaschalon were regarded as two distinctive genera. 5. The keys to the tribes, the genus and the species were given respectively. 6. Some taxa were reviewed. Firstly, eleven texa were brought into synonyms. Among them eight were heterotype synonyms, and the others were homotype synonyms. The eight heterotype synonyms Artabotry pilosus, Fissistigma guinanense, Fissistigma shangzeense, Gonithalamus leiocarpus, Mitrephora wangii, Orophea laui, Polyalthia chinensis and Polyalthia pipienensis were respectively reduced to Artabotrys hongkongensis, Fissistigma retusum, Fissistigma tungfangense, Goniothalamus howii, Mitrephora maingayi, Orophea creaghii, Polyalthia verrucipes and Polyalthia plagioneura. Disepalum petelotii (Merr.) Johnson and Enicosanthellum plagioneurum var. oblanceolatum were reduced to Polyalthia petelotii. Disepalum plagioneura (Diels) Johnson was reduced to Polyalthia plagioroneurum. Secondly, one new combination was made. Orphea yunnanensis was transferred to the genera Alphonsea as Alphonsea yunnanensis. Thirdly, one name was restored. Miliusa glochidioides, which was wrongly reduced to Orophea anceps, is restored as correct name because of its carpels more than thirty. 7. Five new species were found in this study, ie. Polyalthia zhui, Dasymaschalon tibetense, Milusa bannaensis, Goniothalamus lii, Polyalthia caloneura. 8. Two new records were reported, ie. Goniothalamus macrophyllus and Fissiitigma petelotii.更多还原