【作者】 朱秀珍；

【导师】 李远华； 崔远来；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本文在参考联合国粮农组织所推荐的关于灌区综合评价指南的基础上,建立了一套适合我国灌区评价的指标体系根据灌区评估的含义对湖北省大型灌区的指标性能进行了“横向”比较分析及对某个灌区性能进行“纵向”比较分析;从灌区单个性能的比较,可知灌区在单方面的状况,然而却很难了解灌区的整体水平,这就需要建立数学模型,对灌区进行综合评价,以了解灌区的整体性能状况,通过对灌区的综合评价可为灌区续建配套改造资金的分配提供依据,同时还可为国家对灌区进行续建配套改造的先后顺序提供一定的依据。 第一章,介绍了我国大型灌区的作用及存在的问题,针对大型灌区存在老化失修管理手段落后,水费制度不健全等一系列问题,提出了对我国大型灌区进行综合评价的必要性。对国内外关于灌区评价工作研究进展状况进行系统总结的基础上,提出了本文的主要研究内容。 第二章,详细介绍了联合国粮农组织所推荐的灌区综合评价指南中综合评价概念评价的构架以及综合评价的6大步骤。 进行灌区评价,首先要建立评价指标体系,评价指标体系的建立合理与否将影响评价的结果。本文在阐述指标选取原则(科学性、代表性、可比性、可操作性等)的基础上,参考国外其它国家关于灌区评价所使用的评价指标,以及我国从政府角度、灌区管理局角度及用水者协会角度考虑他们所关心及感兴趣的评价指标,同时结合数据获取的难易程度、数据可靠性及指标计算的难易性,初步建立了一套适合于我国灌区评价的指标体系。 第三章,根据FAO推荐的评价指标,用大型灌区续建配套与节水改造所收集的资料,对湖北省水库蓄水灌区及引水灌区现状年各指标性能进行了“横向”比较分析,可知各指标性能在灌区间存在差异,并找出造成差异的原因,同时提出了一些适宜的改进措施,从水库蓄水灌区及引水灌区各指标的平均值可知,在所研究的灌区中,引水灌区平均整体性能优于水库蓄水灌区。通过对湖北漳河灌区及河南柳圆口灌区1993至2002年各指标性能“纵向”比较分析,即通过“自己”与“自己”的比较,以了解灌区性能指标的运行轨迹。“纵向”比较表明,灌区整体性能是不断改进的。 根据专家经验,初步界定性能指标各评价等级的标准值,这可为灌区进行灰色聚类分析服务。当运用灰色关联模型进行灌区综合评价时,可了解灌区的运行状况以及整体所处水平。 第四章,指标的权重是多个指标在评价过程中不同重要程度的反映,权重确定合理与更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the guidelines recommended by FAO, a set of indicator system for evaluation of irrigation schemes was set up. Based on the conception of benchmarking, the performance among irrigation schemes were compared, meanwhile the performance for one scheme in different years was compared. From the comparison of single indicator, we just know unilateral performance; however, it’s difficult to understand the whole level; therefore, it is necessary to develop a mathematical model to evaluate the irrigation schemes, which could help us understand the whole level. Carrying out the comprehensive evaluation for irrigation schemes, which can provide the basis for the allocation of capital on the modernization and rehabilitation of large-sized irrigation schemes, and for the order that government will carry out the modernization and rehabilitation projects.In Chapter 1, the role and problems of large-sized irrigation schemes is introduced, due to a series of problems, such as the constructions were aged, management means were lagging, irrigation fee system was distempered etc, it is necessary to evaluate the imgation schemes. A detailed review was carried out on benchmarking of irrigation schemes and main contents of this dissertation were put forward.In Chapter 2, the conception, frame and process of benchmarking in the guideline recommended by FAO are introduced. It is important to set up indicator system for evaluation, because the indicator system is reasonable or not, which affects evaluation result. On the basis of the principles for indicators selected (scientific, representative, comparable, operable etc), referring to the indicators used for benchmarking in other countries, the indicators suggested by the representative from government and irrigation schemes and WUA, meanwhile Considering whether the data were attained or not, the reliability and indicators calculation were difficult, a set of indicator system was set up.In Chapter 3, According to the indicators recommended by FAO, the data had been collected from the reports of modernization and rehabilitation of large-sized irrigation schemes in Hubei Province. The performance among irrigation schemes were compared and analyzed, which can find the difference and look for the causes that resulted in the difference, meanwhile present some feasible measurements to improve the performance. From the average values of indicator in reservoir schemes and diversion schemes, it was obvious that the whole performance of diversion schemes were better than reservoir schemes. Through the comparison the performance of Zhanghe scheme and Iiuyuankou scheme between 1993 and 2002, that is to say to compare the performance with itself, which can understand the developmental track.Basing on the experience of experts, target values of the indicator in different grades has been set up, which could serve for the cluster analysis of irrigation schemes. Adopting grey correlative method to evaluate irrigation schemes, which can make people understand the condition and the whole level of the evaluated irrigation schemes.In Chapter 4, indicator weights will reflect the importance of indicators during the evaluation of irrigation schemes. Whether the indicator weights confirmed are reasonable, would affect results reliability. In the thesis, applying the combination of subjective weights(APH) and objective weights (entropy method) to identify synthetic weight of indicator, it could avoid the shortcomings that just using APH or entropy method to identify indicators weight. From the synthetic weight of indicators had been identified, it can be seen that irrigation water delivery per unit irrigated area, average revenue per cubic metre of irrigation water delivery, output per unit command area and output per unit irrigation water delivery were important for the evaluation of irrigation schemes.In Chapter 5, the purpose to carry out the evaluation for irrigation schemes is not just to rank irrigation schemes, it is important to understand the condition of schemes. Basing on standardized values of the indicator for different grades, then adopting gray correlative method to evaluate irrigation schemes. According to the correlative degrees for different grade, on the basis of the guideline of maximum correlative degree, it is easy to understand the condition of irrigation schemes and to classify the irrigation schemes. The evaluated irrigation schemes were classified into 4 groups, the result were: excellent {Shimen scheme}; average {Zhangehe, heihuafei, Huandong, Mingshan, Xujiahe& Zhengjiahe scheme}; worse{Qishui, Gaoguan, Meiyuanni & Jintan scheme}; bad {Yindan & Lushui scheme}. The results of irrigation schemes classified are almost consistent with the intuitional analysis of indicators in Chapter 3.In Chapter 6, applying principal component analysis to evaluate and rank the irrigation schemes in Hubei province, adopting SPSS statistical software to clustering the irrigation schemes. The result of hierarchical cluster is consistent with the result of using grey correlative method to classify the irrigation schemes.Meanwhile, adopting principal component analysis to evaluate the performance of Zhanghe scheme between 1993 and 2002, the result shows that the conditions of Zhanghe scheme were gradually becoming better in past 10 years.In Chapter 7, applying longitudinal and transverse grade up-scale method to evaluate the performance of irrigation schemes between 1998 and 2003 years. Due to this method not only shows the difference among the irrigation schemes in tk period, but also showed the distribution in longitudinal orientation. Compared with transverse grade up-scale method, indicator weights were identified through longitudinal and transverse grade up-scale method which rested with three-dimensional datasheet, contained time factor. The evaluation result of longitudinal and transverse grade up-scale method and transverse grade up-scale method showed the result identified by longitudinal and transverse grade up-scale method was more reasonable.Above several evaluation methods, the principle was simple and had strong mathematic theory, and the evaluation results were almost consistent, which showed these evaluation methods are feasible for the evaluation of irrigation schemes.In Chapter 8, main contributions and results were summarized; some possible topics for further investigation were proposed.更多还原