【作者】 刘春年；

【导师】 娄策群；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 情报学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 进入21世纪以来,电子政务理论研究与实践应用均出现了迅猛发展的趋势。然而,综观国内外不同学科、各类流派学者的研究,笔者发现,目前有关电子政务发展的探讨仍停留在静态的模仿与移植阶段,缺乏对电子政务发展动态、系统的挖掘,研究成果则在泛化与具体化两个极端之间摇摆不定,难以形成对电子政务发展的理论指导。与此同时,政府信息化运动自兴起以来,其影响范围之广泛、变动程度之剧烈,在世界现代化变革史上十分罕见。在这种情况下,用孤立、静态的分析方法去考察电子政务的运行,则只适用于电子政务实施中一些短期的个别现象,而无力解释电子政务产生与发展的全部过程。 事实上,在复杂的管理组织和运营方式中研究电子政务发展问题,不是一个一般性的问题研究,而是整体中有个体,个体中有整体,个体与整体互相影响,计算机科学、信息学、哲学、经济学、管理学等多学科相互交叉的综合研究。所以电子政务发展问题的研究,从根本上说,要以集整体分析与个体分析、宏观分析与微观分析于一体的制度个人主义方法论为基础,借用计算机科学、信息学、哲学、经济学、管理学等学科的分析方法,综合考察各国、各地区、各部门电子政务发展机制,这就相应奠定了本课题研究的立足点。 电子政务发展机制是指组成电子政务系统的各个构成要素之间相互联系、相互作用、相互制约,推动整个系统从低级向高级、从初级电子政务向更高水平的电子政务发展的条件和功能,它存在于电子政务发展的全过程。电子政务发展机制的基础是各构成要素之间的联系方式。在电子政务系统开放状态下,目标、动力、控制等要素之间相互影响、相互作用,通过电子政务发展过程联系起来。 就内容而言,电子政务发展机制主要包括目标选择机制、动力机制与控制机制。 目标选择机制:电子政务发展目标可以从宏观、中观、微观三个层面进行分析。电子政务宏观目标指电子政务发展的导向性目标,其主要功能不在于为电子政务的建设提供可供操作的标准或模板,而在于为电子政务的建设提供航向或路标,为电子政务中观、微观目标的制定提供总的指导更多还原

【Abstract】 Electronic government has developed at a high speed both in theory analyses and practice application since 21^st. However, after reviewing these various productions that come from different subjects as well as genres, I find that most investigations are limited to imitating and replanting some productions coming form other fields. Most of pursuers are fail to excavate the development of electronic government dynamically and wholly. Most of productions blow hot and cold between extensive trends and concretion too much. So it is great difficult to pose some rational guidance based on those productions. At the same time, since the rise of electronic government, it has influenced almost the whole world and brings an acute reform to public organizes, which is extremely infrequent during the modernization of the world. Thus, any isolated and static analyses technique is just applied to some short-term and individual problems, and is not able to explain the whole process of produce and evolution on electronic government.Practically, to analyze electronic government in complex structure and running way is not a usual study, but a high synthesized research. Among them individual and macrocosm interact and among them different subjects, such as computer science, information science, philosophy, economics and management science, are crossed. Therefore, to study electronic government, ultimately, must be based on system individualism, which concludes integrity analyses & individual analyses, magnificent analyses and microcosmic analyses. At the same time, we need colligate different mechanism on different departments during the development of electronic government with synthesis knowledge reining those subjects. All these urge us to research the development mechanism of electronic government, which is also the stand of this dissertation.The development mechanism of electronic government refers to the fact that every factor in the whole system contacts one another, reciprocates and restricts one another, by which the whole system grows step by step. The bases of the development mechanism of electronic government are the relationmodels among the whole system. On the condition of opening, target factor, dynamical factor and control factor contacts one another, reciprocates and restricts one another during the whole progress of the system.As to contents, the development mechanism of electronic government comprises target-chose mechanism, power mechanism and control mechanism.As to the target-chose mechanism, the development target of electronic government can be analyzed form three views of point: macrocosmic, hypo-macrocosmic, and microcosmic. The macrocosmic target of electronic government refers to the guide target of electronic government, whose function is not to provide operating criterion or template, but to provide course or road sign. The hypo-macrocosmic target of electronic government is the main building target, which can be operated of conducted.Compared to the macrocosmic target, the guide functions of the hypo-macrocosmic target of electronic government weaken, but its character of operating model enhances to a large extent. The microcosmic target of electronic government is some kind of special one, and it owns particular function. The kind of target stands out in the way of sociality, policy and politics. Thus, to improve the development of electronic government, we need to confirm and apprehend the microcosmic target of electronic government. The target-chose mechanism of electronic government behaves by such facts that those kinds of target interact. In such system, the low target is usually the measure of realizing the top target. We can analyze the delaminating of targets, so as to find the top target and the low target. After that, we can devise the target more efficiently and effectively.As to power mechanism, the engendering and development of electronic government is not so easy, but quite complex. On the whole, so many factors of public structures interact together, and in the end the composition of forces indeed motivates it. The compositions of forces conclude all kinds of power of the system inside and outside. All these factors can be divided into four kinds of power, that is, the force coming form the politics system, the social system, the science and technology system, and the learning disquisition system.All these power are not to bring into play singly, but to interact one another. Among them, the available demand of society is the fountain ofpower during the progress of electronic government. Moreover, once the available demand of society emerges and grow to some extent, it will become the ultimate power that urges the information technology to application. The continuous innovation in the public department is the kernel power. The power coming form the science and technology system is the absolutely necessarily factors to improve the electronic government. The power coming form learning system also accelerates the progress of electronic government.As to the control mechanism, the movement of electronic government controlling is involved in all layers of electronic government system. The entire missionary, from the skeleton personnel to the top managers, must assume the office of control. An effective control system can be sure to improve the progress of electronic government. The perfect of the control system can help to realize most scheduled targets about electronic government. The basic factors in the control system are composed of the key control points, which are corresponded to the control techniques. The control techniques are the special instrument that put the control to application. In any system, the person, the substance, the action of people, the related environment and the related information are the main elements that consist of a whole system.When we control the electronic government system, we can adopt such control measures, as to control from every detail, to control based on individuation, to linkage control from both the inside and the outside, to control the electronic government system. Among them, "to control from every detail and to control based on individuation" are the basic rule of the whole control. "To linkage control form both the inside and the outside" are to control electronic government based on the monolithic. "To control the electronic government system" is to control electronic government based on the individual.The dissertation falls into five chapters. Chapter 0 discusses the significance and the goals of the dissertation. Also it reviews and summarizes history and present situation on the theoretical research and practice in electronic government at home and abroad. At last, it discusses the whole frame and the method of producing the dissertation.Chapter 1 discusses the significance of the electronic government, thedevelopment of electronic government and the development mechanism of electronic government. Still it discusses the present situation and the trend of the development of electronic government. At last, it puts forward the structure of the development mechanism of electronic government and establishes the basic frame of the dissertation.Chapter 2 comments the present several genres of target-analyses on electronic government. Following that, it analyzes the basic problem of target-chose on electronic government in the view of macrocosmic, hypo-macrocosmic and microcosmic. Finally, it provides the flow chart on the interactions of targets of electronic government.Chapter 3 analyzes the general question about electronic government. Following that, it discusses different kinds of power, including the power coming from the social system, the one from political system, the one from science and technology system, and the one from learning system. Based on such analyses, the dissertation constructs the flow charts in which different power interact.Chapter 4 expatiates the reason and need to control the development of electronic government. Following that, the dissertation analyzes the control measure based on both holistic and individual points of view. Finally, the dissertation provides the flow chart in which every control factor interacts.Novelties of the article1. As to the content, the dissertation takes out most kinds of minor details produced in the theory analyses and practice application of electronic government in allusion to the impersonality history configuration of economy globalization and social information. Then it digests all these production and tries to explore a series of important tasks including the natural science, the pattern, and the inherent rule about electronic government. It owns positive meanings for us to ponder the development of Chinese electronic government and the improvement of society by reason.2. As to theory analyses and theory frame, the dissertation analyzes the main three parts of the mechanism of electronic government, that is, the target-chose mechanism, the power mechanism, and the control mechanism, which is wholly novelty.3. The dissertation chooses the method of system individual, which gathers the integer & individual analyses as well as macrocosmic & microcosmic analyses, and combines comparatively analyses and theory analyses. All these urge the progress of theory analyses of electronic government and provide extensive explain and direction for the evolution of practice of electronic government.更多还原