【作者】 仇玉良；

【导师】 谢永利；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 我国公路隧道建设近10年来发展迅速,可谓日新月异。随着隧道的长大化发展,通风技术的难度和要求也日渐提高。本文依托陕西秦岭终南山特长公路隧道(单洞长18020m)、甘肃新七道梁公路隧道(单洞长4000m)及湖南雪峰山公路隧道(单洞长7000m),对公路隧道通风技术进行研究,并开发编制了公路隧道通风网络计算程序。 对于世界上日益采用的竖(斜)井分段式通风,日本最长的关越隧道竖井数量为2座、东京湾海底隧道竖井数量为1座,世界最长的挪威莱尔多(Laerdal)隧道竖井数量为1座,世界上3座以上竖井送排式通风的公路隧道只有我国台湾地区的坪林隧道(3竖井分段、单洞长12900m),而单洞长18020m的秦岭终南山公路隧道可谓世界规模之最,其通风比选方案包括3竖井分段、4竖井分段、利用铁路平导列车活塞风、小竖井群无动力通风等众多复杂方案,因而其通风系统研究具有极其重要意义。 针对复杂公路隧道通风系统的计算难点,本文引入通风网络分析理论,建立了公路隧道送排风口的压力计算网络数学模型。模型建立中,在风口局部和回路中引入动量定律,分别推导出送风口正向、送风口反向、排风口正向、排风口反向的通风升压力(阻力)计算公式,建立了送排风口网络模型,很好的解决了送排风口风流的方向性模拟,尤其是送风口高速喷射气流的升压力网络仿真问题。该模型使通风网络分析技术应用于公路隧道竖井送排式通风仿真计算时,模拟工况与实际状况更为接近。 对于深埋隧道,竖井深度高达数百米,地热温度对通风动力影响显著,本文建立了较为完善的通风网络地热模型,可以较好的反应包括地温热位差、洞口超静压差等自然风因素对公路隧道通风系统的贡献作用。 深竖井公路隧道火灾时期的防灾救灾通风亦是通风设计和通风计算所关注的重点,火灾高温烟气在深竖井内会产生很强的火灾风压,本文建立了公路隧道火灾风压随通风速度等因素而变化的动态通风网络火灾模型,可较好的实现隧道火灾时期,火灾发生点节流效应、火灾污染区浮力效应等火灾区段风压的动态模拟。 本文在系统研究公路隧道通风技术特点的基础上,建立了包含自然风阻模更多还原

【Abstract】 Rapid progress has been made in the construction of highway tunnels in the last ten years in China. Great difficulties and higher demands have been emerged on ventilation technology during the construction of longer and longer tunnels. Based on the extra-long highway tunnel in Qinling mountains in Shannxi Province(18,020 meters in length), and the highway tunnel in Qidaoliang mountains in Gansu Province(4,000 meters in length), and the highway tunnel in Xuefeng mountains in Hunan Province(7,000 meters in length), the paper eager to the research on the ventilation technology of highway tunnel and the write of a network compute procedure of ventilation for highway tunnel.Nowadays, more and more multi-shafts ventilation systems have been applied in highway tunnels in the world, such as Kan-etsu tunnel, which is the longest tunnel in Japan with two vertical shafts, Tokyo Gulf undersea tunnel with one vertical shaft, and Laerdal tunnel with only one shaft in Norway is the longest tunnel so far built in the world. There is only one tunnel in the world with three or more shafts and with blowing and exhausting longitudinal ventilation system, which is in Taiwan, namely Pinglin tunnel (three shafts, 12,900 meters in length). Therefore, the Qinling extra-long highway tunnel may be of the largest scale in the world, which include three or four shafts blowing and exhausting longitudinal ventilation, utilizing parallel piloting train piston wind in railway tunnel, and a group of small shafts without power as comparison of ventilation schemes. It’s significant to study the ventilation systems.In order to solve the difficulties in calculation of complicated ventilating system in highway tunnels, the paper introduces the ventilating network theory and establishes network mathematical models of pressure calculation in shafts. Momentum law is taken into consideration in local and loop of draught to establish the model. In the paper, many productions have been doon, e.g. ①the pressure formulas for ventilation resistance about positive and reverse blowing, positive and reverse exhaust have been deduced, ②blowing and exhausting shaft network model have been established, ③directionality simulation of blowing and exhausting wind flow in tunnel have been resolved successfully, ④especially simulation were done well for promoting pressure of air jet at a high speed in blowing outlet. It has been more closer between simulation operating mode and real state for the application ofthe model in the tunnel ventilating network technology into blowing and exhausting ventilation of highway tunnel.In deeply embedded tunnel, the depth of the shaft is up to several hundred meters. As the temperature of terrestrial heat power affects ventilation system remarkably, ventilation network terrestrial heat model have been established comparatively perfect in the paper, which can reflect the contribution of natural wind factors better such as ground temperature difference of hot location and exceeding static differential pressure between ports to highway tunnel ventilating system.Disaster precaution and relief during tunnel fire is a very impotent problem, which must be paid attention to in ventilation design and calculation in deep shaft of highway tunnel. The high temperature and gas in fire will produce very greet pressure of hot air in the deep shaft. A dynamic ventilating network fire model has been established in the paper, in which the pressure changes with some factors such as ventilation speed in highway tunnel. It can realize dynamic air pressure simulation in fire location better such as throttle effects in different fire locations and buoyancy effect of contaminated area fire.Researching systemically on the ventilation technological characteristic of highway tunnel, an entire model of highway tunnel ventilation network has been established, which includes six special models (natural wind resistance model, traffic wind pressure model, axial fan model, jet fan model, traffic wind pressure model, dynamic model of fire pressure), and also a complicated highway tunnel ventilation network calculating procedure has been developed. The procedure, in Visual Basic language, include three functions: ? dividing wind calculation for ventilation network, ?network fan disposition . @fire operating mode simulation calculation when the tunnel is open to traffic. The procedure also has very strong data tracing and error-correcting functions.The procedure has been applied in the research of operating ventilation technologies for the Qinling extra-long highway tunnel, provided powerful support for ventilation system design and comparison of methods, and providing reliable data for optimization design of ventilation system for the Qidaoliang highway tunnel and the Xuefengshan highway tunnel in the analysis of operational ventilation and fire precaution.In order to obtain sufficient data and information for ventilation design andcalculation, plentiful field tests have been made on special items— ventilation resistance factor and distribution rule of air temperature in the multi-shaft tunnels and climate changes between tunnel portals etc. which ensure the safety of ventilating calculation and design.Also, computing fluid dynamical technology has been employed to analyze three-dimension model on local ventilation simulation of blowing and exhausting shaft in the paper, which validates correctness of local network model of blowing and exhausting shaft.Finally, the paper checks the calculating results of complex ventilation network calculation procedure in highway tunnel. Comparison between the calculating results by using the procedure mentioned above and the conventional methods specified by the "Specifications for Design of Ventilation and Lighting of Highway Tunnel (JTJ 026.1-1999)", which proves the reliability of the network calculation procedure. The factor e.g. different traffic volumes, different traffic velocities and dual direction traffic situations are considered in the calculations, which show that the procedure has comprehensive analysis functions.更多还原