【作者】 代君丽；

【导师】 李振岐； 贾继增；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 植物病理学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本研究在以前抗条锈性鉴定的基础上,选择了40 多个抗性较好的小麦生产品种和农家品种用我国目前的5 个条锈菌优势小种CY27、CY29、CY30、CY31、CY32 进行了进一步鉴定,试图筛选出一批更好的抗源用于进一步研究,结果表明,农家品种和尚麦、陕旱8675、鲁麦19 和豫麦13 对所用的5 个条锈菌流行小种均表现免疫~近免疫反应,进而对这几个品种中所含有的抗条锈基因进行了分子标记定位工作。本研究用豫麦18 和和尚麦配制杂交组合,豫麦18 除对CY27 表现抗病反应外,对供试的其余小种均表现高感反应,自交F2 代和F9 代用条中32 号进行了遗传分析,结果表明F2 代的抗感分离较好的符合1:3 的理论比值,F9 代的抗感分离较好的符合1:1 的理论比值,说明和尚麦对条中32 号的抗性由1 对隐性基因决定。本研究还利用和尚麦和豫麦18 组合的自交F9 代对和尚麦中所含有的抗条锈基因进行了分子标记定位。共筛选了200 多对SSR 引物发现有5 对引物在和尚麦、豫麦18、抗池和感池中有多态,群体分析的结果也表明这5 对引物确是与抗病性相关的标记,最近的标记距离抗病基因14.7cM,基因和标记在染色体上的顺序为着丝点---Xwmc216 ---YrHe---Xgdm126 ---Xgwm153---Barc188---Barc81,根据http://shigen.lab. nig. ac. jp/wheat/ komugi/ maps/ markerMap 作图的结果,这些标记都定位于1B 染色体长臂上,由于抗病基因介于标记Xwmc216 和Xgdm126 之间,因此可推知此抗病基因位于1B 染色体长臂上靠近着丝粒附近区域。已知的定位于1B染色体长臂上的抗条锈基因有Yr21 和Yr29,Yr21 为苗期显性抗条锈基因;Yr29 为成株期抗条锈;而和尚麦中所含有的抗条锈基因为隐性基因,此外和尚麦为我国的农家品种,而Yr21 来源于国外小麦品种Lemhi。因此根据基因的来源和基因的显隐性分析及其作图位置认为和尚麦中所含有的抗病基因为新基因,暂定名为YrHe。利用SSR标记技术对小麦品种陕旱8675 的抗条锈病基因进行了分子标记定位。通过对290 对微卫星引物的筛选,找到两对引物Xwmc170 和CFA2043 在抗亲、感亲、抗池和感池之间有多态。群体验证的结果表明Xwmc170 和CFA2043 与陕旱8675 中抗病基因相连锁,距离分别为9.8cM 和15.0cM,基因和标记之间的顺序为着丝点-CFA2043-WMC170-YrSh。根据作图的结果,将陕旱8675 中所含有的抗病基因定位于2A 染色体长臂上,根据该基因的作图位置与抗谱分析,认为该基因可能是一个新的抗条锈基因,暂定名为YrSh。利用SSR技术和AFLP 技术对小麦品种鲁麦19 中的抗条锈基因进行了分子定位。通过对290 对SSR 引物的筛选,找到1 个标记Xwmc170 与鲁麦19 中的抗条锈基因连更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of previous resistance assessment to stripe rust, we selected forty cultivars with high resistance to stripe rust from more than 200 native and modern varieties. Using five prevalent races of yellow rust CY27, CY29, CY30, CY31, CY32, the forty varieties were evaluated to stripe rust repeatedly. The results showed that Heshang mai, Shanhan 8675, Lumai 19 and Yumai 13 were immunity~high resistance to all the races. So chromosomal location of resistance genes in these varieties was carried out using SSR and AFLP techniques. Yumai18 is susceptible to all the races except CY27, but Yumai 18 has good qualities. So we used Yumai 18 to cross with Heshang mai. We inoculated CY32 on F2 and F9 individuals, the results indicated that one recessive gene controlled the resistance of heshang mai to the race CY32. We also used the method of microsatellite markers to locate the resistance gene in Heshang mai. After screening 290 wheat microsatellite primers, we found five markers Xwmc216, Xgdm126, Xgwm153, Barc188 and Barc81 were linked to the resistance gene in Heshang mai. The nearest genetic distance is 14.7cM. According to http://shigen.lab.nig.ac.jp/wheat/komugi/maps/markerMap, all the markers are on the long arm of Chromosome 1B. Because the resistance gene YrHe is between the xwmc216 and Xgdm 126, so we can conclude that the resistance gene-Yrhe is located on chromosome 1BL.The order among centromere, markers and gene is centromere---Xwmc216---YrHe---Xgdm126---Xgwm153---Barc188---Barc81. Based on the origin of resistance gene and gene analysis, we deduced that YrHe is a new resistance gene to stripe rust. A resistance gene to stripe rust in cultivar Shanhan 8675 was tagged using a RILs developed from Shanhan8675 and Yanzhan No1. After screening 290 wheat microsatellite primers, we found two markers Xwmc170 and CFA2043 were linked to the resistance gene in Shanhan 8675 with genentic distance of 9.8cM and 15.0cM, respectively. The order among centromere, markers and gene is centromere-CFA2043-Xwmc170-YrSh. Based on the results of mapdraw 2.0 and mapmaker 3.0, we can conclude that the resistance gene-YrSh is located on chromosome 2AL. According to the map position and resistance spectrum, we deduced that YrSh is a new resistance gene to stripe rust. A resistance gene to stripe rust in cultivar Lumai 19 was tagged using a RILs derived from Lumai 19 and Yanzhan No 1. After screening 290 wheat microsatellite primers, a marker Xwmc170 linked to the resistance gene in Lumai 19 with the genetic distance of 3.8cM was found. According to the information in http://shigen. lab. nig. ac.jp/ wheat/ komugi/ maps/ makermap, Xwmc170 was located in chromosome 2AL. So we can deduce that the resistance gene-YrLu is located on chromosome 2AL. The AFLP primer pairs-M62P19 which completely linked to the resistance gene to stripe rust Yr32 was used in our materials, but we didn’t find polymorphism among parents, resistant bulk and susceptible bulk. So we concluded that Yr32 is different from the resistance gene in Lumai 19. According to gene postulation, resistance spectrum and map position, we concluded that YrLu is a new resistance gene to stripe rust. In our research, we assessed the resistance to stripe rust in F5 individuals derived from Yumai13 and Yanzhan No 1 using CY31, and the result showed that two genes controlled the resistance to stripe rust in Yumai 13. We also used the SSR technique to locate the resistance gene in Yumai 13. After screening 290 primers, we found that the linked molecular markers with the resistance genes in Yumi 13 distributed on chromosome 2B and 3B. On the chromosome 2B, there were 6 markes linked with resistance gene ; and two linked markers were on 3B. Next step, we should consider how to calculate the genetic distance among resistance genes and markers. From the genetic analysis and chromosome location, we can deduce that there are two resistance gene to control the resistance to the race CY31 in Yumai 13.更多还原