【作者】 张杰；

【导师】 邹学忠； 杨传平；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林木遗传育种， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本研究从蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)地理种源试验林取材,运用群体遗传学、生物系统学、植物生态学原理,从种源的生长性状、光合速率、蒸腾速率、硝酸还原酶、可溶性蛋白和荧光诱导动力学等生理生化指标及ISSR分子标记等方面,进行蒙古栎遗传多样性、种源划分以及优良种源选择的研究。主要研究结果如下: 参试蒙古栎种源各生长性状存在着显著性差异,这表明蒙古栎种源选择是十分必要的。蒙古栎地理变异总趋势,受纬度和经度的双重控制,但以经度影响略大。树高由西南到东北逐渐降低,且变化缓慢,而从中间带到东南、西北两个方向树高逐渐降低,且变化较快。地径呈现由东向西逐渐减小的趋势。不同蒙古栎种源生长性状、地理、气象因子之间具有一定的相关性。将参试的25个种源划分为三个种源区,Ⅰ区种源多数分布在长白山南部、龙岗山一带,Ⅱ区种源多数分布在长白山及老爷岭,Ⅲ区种源位于小兴安岭和张广才岭。 蒙古栎不同种源间硝酸还原酶、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量存在着明显的差异。且与生长性状之间存在显著或极显著的正相关,即高、径生长好的种源,硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量和叶绿素含量高;硝酸还原酶活性大的种源,可溶性蛋白含量和叶绿素含量也高。这一结论可为林木早期选择提供初步依据。荧光动力学参数能够反映PSⅡ反应中心的综合活力。经相关分析,PSⅡ光化学特性的几个参数与蒙古栎生长量及叶绿素含量存在着一定相关性。其中,Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、Fv′/Fm′、ΦPSⅡ、ETR及Q_P等几个参数与苗高、地径及叶绿素含量呈正相关,多数达到显著或极显著相关水平;同时,各参数之间也都具有极高的相关性。以蒙古栎种源叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶活性,以及净光合速率和蒸腾速率等各项生理指标为依据,通过多性状综合评价方法,初步确定苇河、集安种源为优良的种源,与生长性状的选择一致。 首次建立了蒙古栎的最优ISSR-PCR的体系。蒙古栎不同种源的ISSR分析结果表明:10个引物对全部250个体扩增的多态位点的比率为78.87%,平均每个引物5.6个多态位点。用Shannon指数(Ⅰ)估计25个种源的遗传多样性水平为:苇河>乌伊岭>东方红>新青>沾河>集安>带岭>临江>嘉荫>美溪>长白市>东京城>绥陵>抚顺>绥阳>岫岩>松花湖>白石砬子>弯甸子>白石山>盘石>敦化>宽甸>穆棱>汪清。蒙古栎种源间发生了一定的遗传分化,种源间的遗传变异占总遗传变异的26.57%,73.43%的遗传变异分布在种源内的个体间,表明蒙古栎种源的变异主要来源于种源内。遗传距离和地理距离之间呈极显著正相关。这说明地理环境对各种源遗传组成影响较大。通过遗传距离矩阵聚类分析,将25个种源大体可以分为两个种源区:小兴安岭种源区和长白山种源区。其中,小兴安岭种源区包括带岭、绥棱、沾河、新青、美溪、东京城、绥阳、东方红、苇河、穆棱、嘉荫、乌伊岭种源;长白山种源区包括松花湖、汪清、长白市、敦化、湾甸子、白石砬子、宽甸、岫岩、抚顺、集安、临江、盘石、白石山种源。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research of Quercus mongolica’s genetic diversity, partition group and the way of choosing first-class provenances has been done in the experimental forest of geographical provenances of Quercus mongolica. The study was made using the principles of population genetic, bio-system and eco-botany, and was carried out in the areas of the growth characteristics, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, nitrate reductase, soluble protein concentration and fluorescence induction kinetic parameters, as well as ISSR diversity among the provenances. The main results are as follows:There is a significant difference among all provenances of Quercus mongolica, which indicates that it is important to carry out provenance selection for Quercus mongolica. The main variance trend of geographical differentiation is controlled by both latitude and longitude, while latitude influences more. From the research, the tree heights reduce gradually from southwest to northeast and more suddenly from middle zone to southeast and northwest. Basal diameter also tends to reduce gradually from the east to the west. There is a certain correlation among growth characters and geographical climatic factors of Quercus mongolica provenances. With regard to the place of origin, the 25 provenances are organized into 3 provenance blocks. The first area is mainly the provenances from Longgang hill and the south of Changbai hill. The second one is mostly in Changbai hill and Laoyeling. The majority of the third one is located in Xiaoxing’anling and Zhangguangcai.There are significant differences in the nitrate reductase activating, the content of soluble protein and the chlorophyll content among the different provenances. And there is great positive correlation between the growth characteristics and the three physiological factors. This means that during the same period, the better its growth condition is, the higher the nitrate reductase activating, the chlorophyll content and the soluble protein content of the provenance are. Also the stronger the nitrate reductase activating is, the higher the content of the soluble protein and the chlorophyll is. The conclusion provides primary bases for forest nonage selection. Fluorescence induction kinetic parameters can affect the synthetically activity of PS II reaction center. By corresponding analysis, there is a certain correlation among the parameters of PS II photochemical characteristics, biomasses and the content of chlorophyll. There is positive correlation among seedling height, basal diameter, the content of chlorophyll and the parameters of Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm, Fv’/Fm’, ΦPSⅡ, ETR and QP, most of which reach marked and remarkable correlative levels. And there is also significant correlation among the parameters. Based on the physiological factors of the chlorophyll content, the nitrate reductase activating, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, by the multi-traits comprehensive assessment method, we preliminary determine that Weihe and Ji’an are the first-class provenances, which are in consonance with the selection of growth characters.It is the first time that the optimum ISSR-PCR reaction system for Quercus mongolica isintroduced. The study of ISSR marker about the provenances of Quercus mongolica states that the proportion of 10 primers to PPS value of all the 250 individuals is 78.87%, and each primers has 5.6 polymorphic in average.The sequence estimated valued by Shannon index for genetic diversity of the 25 provenances mentioned formerly is: Weihe, Wuyiling, Dongfanghong, Xinqing, Zhanhe, Ji’an, Dailing, Linjiang, Jiayin, Meixi, Changbai city, Dongjingcheng, Suiling, Fushun, Suiyang, Xiuyan, Songhuahu, Baishilazi, Wandianzi, Baishi hill, Panshi, Dunhua, Kuandian, Muling and Wangqing populations. Furthermore, there is a certain genetic differentiation among the provenances of Quercus mongolica. The gene diversity among provenances is 26.57%, while the other 73.43% occurs within individual provenance. This shows that the genetic variation mainly occurs within Quercus mongolica provenance. Since there is a significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance, we can conclude that the geographical factors among the provenances take an important part in affecting the provenances’ genetic constitution. And 25 provenances can be clustered into 2 provenance groups. One is Xiaoxing’anling provenance group which includes Dailing, Suiling, Zhanhe, Xinqing, Meixi, Dongjingcheng, Suiyang, Dongfanghong, Weihe, Muling, Jiayin and Wuyiling provenances. The other one is Changbai hill provenance group that includes Songhuahu, Wangqing, Changbai city, Dunhua, Wandianzi, Baishilazi, Kuandian, Xiuyan, Fushun, Ji’an, Linjiang, Panshi and Baishishan provenances.更多还原