【作者】 郭巧生；

【导师】 贺善安；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 植物学， 1998， 博士

【摘要】 本文采用比较分析的方法,在同一栽培条件下,对主要引自长江中下游地区的16个半夏居群就其生长节律变化、植物学形态变异、花粉粒形态特征、同工酶谱及化学成分等方面进行了连续两年的研究观测,结果表明: 1、大部分半夏居群在本试验栽培条件下具明显的三次出苗和三次倒苗现象,且在年生长期内表现出春秋两个生长高峰期。但具体起始和延续时间各居群间存在着较大的差异。句容半夏居群具“先花后叶”特性。 2、依据16个主要形态的模糊聚类分析结果,可将各居群划分成4个类型:即双珠芽类型、普通类型、长茎类型及复合类型。 3、电镜观测结果表明:各半夏居群的花粉粒大小存在较大的差异。其中花粉粒最大的为姜堰居群为20.54×18.35μm,而最小的沛县居群仅有14.85×12.09μm。各半夏居群花粉粒表面均具刺状突起,但刺的长短、疏密及刺端和刺基变化因居群不同而有所不同。半夏花粉粒可能具有有孔盖和无孔盖两种萌发孔类型。 4、同工酶分析结果表明,三种同工酶酶谱在各居群间均有共同特征谱带,其中EST同工酶有2条,SOD有3条,POD有1条。但不同居群间,甚至在同一居群内除共有的特征谱带外三种同工酶均存在着较为明显的酶谱频率差异。 5、三种化学成分的动态比较分析结果表明:半夏各居群间β-谷甾醇、缬基酸及精氨酸含量存在着很大的差异,不同采收期其含量也存在有较大的差异 但平均含量均以秋季采收者为高。 6、结合以上研究结果,笔者认为半夏是一个遗传多样性比较丰富的物种,故仅在物种水平上去研究半夏药材的质量指标就难以对其作出确切的评价。只有通过培育优良品种才是保证和实现中药材质量标准化的有效途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sixteen populations of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. originated mostly from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley were collected and cultivated in Weigang Experimental Farm of Nanjing Agricultural University under same cultural conditions in 1995, their differences in growth rhythm, main morphologic characters of plant and pollen grain, zymogram and band frequency of isozyme and chemical constitution have been observed and compared continuously for two years. The results are as following:1.There are three times of "Sprouting" and so-called "tumble" and two fast-growing periods for plants in most of the populations within a year in spring and autumn respectively. But the starting time and duration are very different from population to population, e.g. flowing being prior to sprouting in the population from Jurong county.2.As the result from fuzzy cluster analysis with sixteen main morphologic characters, sixteen populations of Pinellia ternata are divided to four types: Double bubils type, General type, Yixing type and Sheyang type.3.The difference in morphologic characters of pollen grain of the populations are observed with SEM. Pollen grain of Pinellia ternata from Jiangyan city is biggest (20.54 × 18.35 μ m) and the one from Peixian county is smallest (14.85 × 12.09 μ m). There are many spines on exine of the pollen grain, but length, density, head and base of spines are different in the populations. It is possible there are both operculum-treme and no-operculum-treme in the pollen grains.4. There are the common specific bands on the zymogram of three isozymes from the lamina for every population of Pinellia ternata, e.i. two bands of EST, three bands of SOD and one bands of POD. But the band frequency on the zymogram of three isozymes except specific bands are very different in the populations and even individuals of same population.5.The difference in contents of β -Sitosterol and Val. and Arg. extracted from tubers of populations of Pinellia ternata have been observed. Those contents are also different with different harvesting time. But the mean contents of each of the three types of chemicals in autumn are higher than those in summer respectively.6.Based on above results, the author suggested that the genetic diversity of Pinellia ternata is very abundant and it is difficult to study and measure the quality standard of Rhizome Penile on species level. Breeding new cultivator will be one of effective ways to set definite quality standard medicinal material of Pinellia ternata.更多还原