【作者】 何忠伟；

【导师】 蒋和平；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农业经济管理， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 目前,中国已进入了工业化中期阶段。国民经济的主导产业由农业转变为非农产业,国民经济增长的动力主要来自于非农产业,工农关系的基本特征是,农业不再替工业发展提供积累,农业成为接受“补助”的部门,而不是受“挤压”的部门。根据国际经验,此阶段不同国家从各自国情出发,都采取了反哺农业的政策,农业补贴就是一国政府农业政策体系中最主要、最常用的工具。可以说,绝大多数成员国都把“补贴”视为农业政策的核心,视为支持和保护本国农业最直接、最灵便、最有效的手段。因此,新一轮WTO谈判难点还在农业补贴问题。从中国农业来看,尽管现在农村人口还占多数,还不可能像发达国家那样通过大量补贴来解决农民收入偏低问题,但中国在总体上已具备了反哺农业的实力。 加入WTO后,中国农业发展的机遇与挑战并存,必须在世贸规则下构建农业补贴政策体系和实施相应的政策措施。同时,还要注重农业补贴实施的方式和效果,使其真正起到加快现代农业建设、促进农业发展、增加农民收入的作用。因此,有必要对世贸规则和发达国家有关农业补贴的理论和经验进行研究分析,针对中国农业发展“瓶颈”,找出中国农业补贴政策的基本点、出发点和落脚点,对中国已经或将要采取的农业补贴政策进行绩效评价,最后提出中肯实效的政策建议。本文基于上述思路,在界定农业补贴内涵的基础上,进行如下探索研究: 一是对农业补贴政策进行经济学分析。发现不同农业补贴措施都不利于社会福利的增加,然而发达国家却乐此不疲,于是从产业特性、社会分工、自由贸易、公平竞争和中国国情等多角度、多层次、多领域地归纳和总结农业补贴的理论内涵,为我国实施农业补贴政策提供理论基础。 二是对中国实施农业补贴的背景进行了深入分析。认为,中国进入新的历史时期,“三农”问题再次面临一个新关口,农业发展缺乏动力,农村发展缺乏亮点,农民增收缺乏支撑。中国作为一个农业大国,“三农”问题关系到国民素质、经济发展,关系到社会稳定、国家富强。进入工业化中期的中国有必要加大财政投入和补贴破解“三农”难题。 三是对不同国家实施农业补贴政策进行比较分析。发现我国农业补贴支出少,对农业发展的支持力度小;我国农业补贴措施少、效率低下,对农业影响的程度低;还有许多补贴政策需要完善和健全;农民得到补贴的利益不明显。 四是建立一个理论分析框架对农业补贴政策进行定性分析。认为,有效的农业补贴机制为农户提供长期激励并实现纳什均衡。因此,要合理界定中央与地方政府对农业补贴的关系并建立相应的实施与监督机制,保证农业补贴资金及时到位。并且在法律上建立农户对农地的永久使用权,开放农地租赁、转让市场,从而在法律上使农户树立增加农业投入的长期激励机制。同时,详细分析了中国“绿更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, China has been at the metaphase of industrialization. The non-agricultural industries have already been in the leading place in national economy. The increasing power of national economy has mostly come from the non-agricultural. Characteristics between industry and agriculture now are: agriculture doesn’t provide funds for industry, and industry should support agricultural development instead. According to international customs and practices, agricultural subsidy has been an important tool of agricultural policies in the world. In a word, it is the core of agricultural policies in developed countries. Accordingly, China should actualize a lot of supportive policies in the agriculture.Opportunities and challenges have both emerged in Chinese agricultural development after China’s WTO Accession. We should build a system of agricultural subsidiary policies. At the same-time, we should pay attention to the modes and effects of agricultural subsidy. Therefore, we must study the rules of WTO and experiences of developed countries, find out the basics, evaluate some agricultural subsidies in our country, and put forward some advices. Based on these, the paper probes into the research as follows:1.It clarifies the concepts and scope of agricultural subsidy according to the WTO’ s regulations, and summarized theories of agricultural subsidy.2. It analyzes the background of agricultural subsidy. It is new period in China, the question of three rural, namely the rural economy, rural community and rural residents is the big obstacle to Chinese agricultural development. As a biggest agricultural country, China should increase investment and subsidy in agriculture.3. It compares agricultural subsidiary policies of different countries. In china, fanners are less subsidized, agricultural subsidies are which in turn affects the development of Chinese agriculture. Farmers cannot gain many benefits from agricultural subsidy .4 It builds a theory model for qualitative analysis of agricultural subsidiary policies. Effective mechanism of agricultural subsidiary policies may provide a long-term stimulant for the farmers and realize "Nash-equilibrium" .Therefore, we must build a mechanism of supervision for agricultural subsidy between central government and local government, and guarantee the financing of agricultural subsidy to the farmer. At the same-time, it analyzes "green policy" , " yellow policy" and their appliance in China.5.It builds a computation model to demonstrate the effects of agricultural subsidiary policies. Firstly, it studies how the price changes in agricultural materials affect the farmer’s productivity. Secondly, it simulates how the different subsidiary projects affect the planting area. Thirdly, it builds a CD model, and analyzes the effects of agricultural produce factor.更多还原