【作者】 佘济云；

【导师】 田大伦； 袁正科；

【作者基本信息】 中南林学院 ， 生态学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 生态环境是人类生存和发展的基本条件,是区域经济、社会可持续发展的核心和基础。保持和建设好生态环境,实现可持续发展,是我国现代化建设中必须始终坚持的一项基本方针。近年来,随着经济、社会、文化和科技的发展,城市化进程逐步加快,生态和环境问题日益凸现,形成了城乡之间发展极不平衡的矛盾,严重阻滞了社会经济的可持续发展。 城乡一体化是解决城乡矛盾和缓解城乡差别的有力战略措施,可以使得城乡之间的生产要素在一定的范围内进行合理的交流和配置。森林作为陆生生态系统的主体,是城乡一体区域生态系统的重要组成部分。由于城市中心区域的绿化还不足以形成改善城市整体环境质量的效益,因此,将郊区广大区域的森林纳入城市生态建设的组成部分,大力建设实现城乡一体的现代林业系统是提高城市—区域生态环境质量的有效途径。 本文以长沙、株洲、湘潭3个城市构成的紧密联系的城市群—区域作为研究区,以长株潭一体化构成的城市—区域生态系统中的林业生态系统为研究对象,根据生态系统和可持续发展理论,综合森林生态学、城市生态学、区域生态学、景观生态学的原理和方法,运用生态平衡的规律和生态系统之间物质流、能量流、信息流的交换理论,以计算机和GIS、RS、GPS（3S技术）为技术手段,系统地研究区域内典型森林类型的结构与生态服务功能、区域生态环境质量和城市群生态系统健康评价、城市—区域生态安全格局、湘江生态经济林业生态圈的构建等方面的理论和实践问题。 结果表明:（1）开展城乡一体区域生态环境质量评价和管理信息系统的建立、城乡一体现代林业系统的理论基础、生态服务功能、森林结构调整、经营管理和生态构架的研究,对促进城乡生态环境建设、增加城市活力和实现可持续发展具有重要理论价值和实践意义。（2）马尾松纯林、马尾松阔叶树混交林、阔叶林是长株潭地区森林群落演替过程中三大典型的森林类型。不同土壤类型、不同土层厚度、不同表土层厚度、不同坡度、不同地形部位的马尾松林地的涵养水源、固持土壤的功能差异显著;马尾松阔叶树混交林的林分结构规律明显,其涵养水源、固持土壤和维持较高的生物多样性、生物生产力的功能强,具有旺盛的生命力和生态潜力,正向着常绿阔叶林过渡;长株潭地区樟树人工林固定二氧化碳、生物生产、物质循环、改善区域小气候、净化水质等方面的生态服务的作用明显。（3）利用4类15个评价因子为基础建立的区域生态环境质量评价模型和评价管理信息系统对长株潭地区的生态环境质量进行了综合评价,通过直观的评价专题图表示以县域为评价单元的生态环境质量的差异,评价结果为城乡之间生态环境质量差异显著,且呈梯级分布;从区域生态系统的活力、生态系统的组织结构、生态系统恢复力、生态服务功能的维持、区域人群健康及教育水平五个方面对长株潭城市群的生态系统健康水平进行评价,其结果为2000年和2001年长株潭城市群生态系统均处于亚健康状态。（4）从长株潭地区城市—区域的CO₂、O₂平衡,水量平衡,大气污染物排放量与森林、作物系统吸收潜力平衡三个方面进行了分析,研究提出了依靠区域生态系统的生态服务功能净化和消除城市系统有害排放物,吸收必需的自然物质,并使其处于一种安全健康下所需要的森林、水域和作物面积,以此探索、寻求合理的城市—区域生态安全格局和理想控制模式。在此基础上通过对区域内森林生态系统中林种和树种结构的优化,调整长株潭地区城市群—区域生态系统结构,实现区域内用地结构,特别是森林用地结构的优化组合和配置,构成维护城市—区域生态安全的生态构架,以激发区域生更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecological environment is a fundamental condition of survival and development for Human being, and is the core and foundation of the sustainable development for region-economy society. Maintaining and building the ecological environment , achieving the sustainable development is one of the elementary policies which is insisted on all the time in the modern construction of our country . In the latest years, with the development of economy , society, culture and technology, the procedure of urbanization is quickened, the problem of ecology and environment is sharpened increasingly , the lopsided contradiction between town and country has been formed, the sustainable development of social economy is blocked seriously.The town and country integration is effectively strategic measures for figuring out the contradiction between town and country and relieving its difference, and make the production factor between town and country exchanged and configured reasonably in certain scope. Forest, as the host of the terrestrial ecosystems, is an important part of regional ecosystem about the town and country integration. At present, the greening in the central and urban region has formed insufficiently the benefit that is able to improve the quality of ecological environment in the town, as a result, Having suburb forest brought into urban ecology-environment construction, and launching the modern forest system on the town and country integration are the efficient line that can enhance the quality of ecological environment in the town.In this paper, urban group made up of Changshas Zhuzhou and Xiangtan is considered as study area, forest ecosystem in the town region ecosystem composed of the integrative ecosystem in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area is seen as study object, according to the theory of ecosystem and the sustainable developments the principles and methods of forest ecology , urban ecology , regional ecology, landscape ecology are synthesized, the law of ecological balance and the exchanged theory of substance flow, energy flow and information flow between ecosystems are used, computer, GIS, RS and GPRS (3S technology) are used as technological means, the layout of typical forest classification in this area and the ecological service function, ecological environment quality and health assessment of ecosystem for urban group, the ecological safety distribution in the towns the problem of theory and practice in the process of building the forest biosphere of Xiangjiang ecology-economy belt are studied systematically.The results show: (l)It will take on very high theory value and practice sense for accelerating the ecological environment construction between town and country s boosting urban vigor and achieving the sustainable development to launch ecological environment quality assessment in the integrative area between town and country s foundation of management information system s theory base of modern forest system for the town and country integrations ecological service functions adjustment and management of forest layout s study of ecological frame.(2)Pure forest of masson pines half-bred forest of masson pine and broadleaved trees broad-leaved forest are three typical forest species during evolution of forest community. It is distinctly different in maintaining water and solidifying soil for various soil species s soil layer thicknesss surface soil layer thicknesss gradients terrain position of masson pine forest; Half-bred forest of masson pine and broad-leaf has obvious plantation layout and very powerful function in maintaining waters solidifying soil and lasting biodiversity and biological productivityon a large scale, it also has hearty life-force and ecological potential, is turning into evergreen and broad-leaved forest; Artificial forest of Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area has evident function in solidifying carbon dioxide, organisms production , substance circle , improving regional climate , cleaning water quality.(3)Ecological environment quality in the Changsha-Zhuzh更多还原