【作者】 肖炳光；

【导师】 朱军；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本研究以14个烤烟品种(系)及其配制的41个杂交组合为材料,组成含不规则缺失的非平衡双列杂交。2002年在云南4个试验点进行了随机区组试验,调查了株高、茎围、节距、叶数、腰叶长、腰叶宽和产量等农艺性状,并取样测定了烟叶中总糖、还原糖、两糖差、总氮、烟碱、蛋白质和氧化钾含量。采用加性-显性及与环境互作的遗传模型对上述性状进行了遗传和相关分析,并利用估算条件遗传方差分量和预测条件遗传效应值的多元条件分析方法分析了农艺性状对产量和目标化学成分的遗传贡献。主要研究结果如下: 1、多数农艺性状的遗传变异中加性主效应、显性主效应、加性×环境互作效应、显性×环境互作效应均起一定作用;株高、节距、腰叶宽主要受加性主效应控制,叶数、腰叶长受显性×环境互作效应影响最大,茎围以加性×环境互作效应、显性×环境互作效应为主,产量以加性主效应、显性×环境互作效应为主。株高和节距的加性效应主要表现为加性主效应;叶数、腰叶长、腰叶宽和产量的加性效应以加性主效应为主,同时也受加性×环境互作效应的影响;茎围的加性效应则主要表现为加性×环境互作效应。云南选育出的品系P14在大多数农艺性状上表现较高的正向加性效应,而北方品种P12和P8在多数农艺性状上表现较高的负向加性效应。许多组合的显性主效应及在各试验点的显性×环境互作效应在方向上不尽一致,杂交组合的选配宜针对特定的生态环境进行。 2、烟叶化学成分的遗传变异中加性主效应、显性主效应、加性×环境互作效应、显性×环境互作效应均起一定作用;烟碱主要受加性主效应控制,还原糖、总氮、氧化钾以显性×环境互作效应为主、加性主效应也起较大作用,总糖、蛋白质、两糖差则主要受显性×环境互作效应控制。云南选育出的品种(系)P4、P7和P14多在总糖、还原糖上表现出显著的正向加性效应,而北方品种P12和P8则在总糖、还原糖上表现出显著的负向加性效应;各亲本总氮、烟碱加性效应的表现多与总糖、还原糖加性效应的表现方向相反。没有一个参试亲本和杂交组合同时在两糖差、烟碱上表现负向效应,而在氧化钾上表现正向效应。 3、大多数成对农艺性状的各项相关系数为正值,且多以加性遗传相关为主;株高与节距、茎围与节距、节距与腰叶宽、株高与腰叶宽、茎围与腰叶宽、株高与茎围间的加性遗传相关系数均高于0.5;株高与产量的加性遗传相关系数为0.392,可利用株高对产量进行间接选择。总氮、烟碱、蛋白质这类含氮化合物之间表现型相关、基因型相关、加性遗传相关均为正相关,而与总糖、还原糖间的表现型相关、基因型相关、加性遗传相关均为负更多还原

【Abstract】 14 flue-cured tobacco varieties (or breeding lines) were crossed in a diallel mating design with unbalanced data to generate 41 F1 crosses. By randomized complete block design, parents and their F1 crosses were grown in four environments with two replications at each environment in Yunnan in 2002. Agronomy traits measured were plant height, girth of stem, internode length, number of leaves per plant, length of the middle leaves, width of the middle leaves. Yield, percent total sugar, percent reducing sugar, sugar different between percent total sugar and percent reducing sugar, percent total nitrogen, percent nicotine, percent protein and percent K2O were evaluated on the cured leaves. A genetic model including additive and dominance effects and their interaction with environments were applied for genetic and correlation analysis. Multivariable conditional analysis for the estimation of conditional variation and conditional genetic effects were used for genetic contribution analysis of agronomic traits to yield and chemical constituents. The main results were as follows:1. Additive, dominance, additive × environment interaction and dominance × environment interaction effects appeared to play roles in the inheritance of the agronomic traits measured. Additive main effects were the major genetic component for plant height and internode length. Number of leaves and length of leaves were mainly controlled by dominance × environment interaction effects. Additive × environment interaction effects and dominance × environment interaction effects played a major role for girth of stem. Yield performance was mainly controlled by additive effects and dominance × environment interaction effects. The additive effects of plant height and internode length were mainly dependent on the additive main effects. The additive effects of number of leaves, length of middle leaves, width of middle leaves and yield were mainly dependent on additive main effects, and affected by the additive × environment interaction effects to some extent. The additive effects of girth of stem were mainly dependent on additive × environment interaction effects. With regard to most agronomic traits, the breeding line P14 developed in Yunnan performed high positive additive effect, and the varieties P12 and P8 derived from northern China had high negative additive effects. Dominance effects and the dominance × environment interaction effects could perform differently in positive or negative direction for many crosses. The breeding program for hybrids should consider the adaptation of hybrids to specific ecological environments.2. Additive, dominance, additive × environment interaction and dominance × environment interaction gene action were of importance to the inheritance of chemical constituents evaluated. Percent nicotine was mainly controlled by the additive main effects. Dominance × environmentinteraction effects played a major role for total sugar, reducing sugar, sugar difference, total nitrogen, protein and K2O, while the additive main effects played considerable role in the inheritance of reducing sugar, total nitrogen and K2O. For total sugar and reducing sugar, the varieties (or breeding line) such as P4, P7 and P14 developed in Yunnan performed significantly positive additive effects, and the varieties P12 and P8 in northern China had significantly negative additive effects. The parents which had positive additive effects for total sugar and reducing sugar tended to have negative additive effects for total nitrogen and nicotine. No parents and F1 crosses investigated performed negative effects for sugar difference and nicotine and positive effects for K2O.3. The analysis of correlation among agronomic traits revealed that most of phenotypic, genotypic, additive and dominance correlations were positive. The trait pairs with additive correlation coefficients more than 0.5 were plant height and internode length, girth of stem and internode length, internode length and width of middle leaves, plant heigth and width of middle leaves, girth of st更多还原