【作者】 李万莲；

【导师】 由文辉；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 生态学， 2005， 博士

【副题名】以蚌埠为例

【摘要】 当前淮河流域水环境质量不稳定,水污染时有反弹,沿淮城市水生态安全形势严峻,已经对区域经济发展产生了不利影响,在这样的背景下,本研究主要采用理论与实证、静态与动态、定性与定量分析相结合的方法,运用城市生态学研究的热点理论,开展了沿淮城市水生态系统的专题研究。研究选择蚌埠作为案例城市,蚌埠在地理区位、经济发展与水生态环境特征等方面在沿淮城市中均具有较好的代表性。 在对城市社会经济发展、水生态系统特征的基础上,深入开展了以下几点研究,①运用灰色关联度分析法,研究城市水环境质量与社会经济发展的关系,找出影响城市水环境质量变化的主要因素;②采用价值评估法评价城市水生态系统服务的总价值,来直观反映了水生态系统对城市可持续发展的重要支撑作用;③运用因子分析的方法对城市水生态安全水平进行时空演变规律的综合评价,④结合蚌埠城市生态环境现状与研究结果,提出一套科学合理的城市水生态系统可持续管理对策体系。 本研究在实证与方法研究方面均具有一定的创新性,研究结果对保护案例城市自然生态资源,维持良好水生态环境及实现城市可持续发展具有重要的现实意义,为案例城市生态系统管理实践提供了科学依据,对沿淮城市的相关研究也具有重要的借鉴意义,丰富了淮河流域生态系统研究的内容。研究主要结论如下: 1.蚌埠城市水污染源特征正从以工业污染为主,逐步转变为工业、农业、生活污染多样化的复合型污染。城市工业废水污染源主要污染物COD排放总量低于综合生活污染源,非点源污染形势严峻。 2.城市水环境的时间动态变化规律分析表明,蚌埠城市水体有机污染特征显著,水环境演变分为水质缓慢恶化(1983-1988年)、加速恶化(1989-1996年)和逐渐改善(1997-2003年)三个阶段,水质状况的变化受国家水污染防治宏观调控影响明显。 3.长时间序列的水环境质量与社会经济发展关系研究表明,工业废水排放量,即工业污染是影响城市水环境质量的主要因素,第三产业产值占GDP的比重对水环境的影响也非常显著。 4.蚌埠城市水生态系统的服务功能总价值为6.34亿元,其中城市水生态系统的航运功能及水资源调蓄功能的价值较高,水质净化功能价值是城市水生态系统服务功能总价值的0.24%,但该部分价值对维持城市水生态系统更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the ecological security cannot be ensured, owing to the instability of the water quality and the seriousness of the water pollution in the Huaihe River basin. It resulted in a disadvantageous impact on the development of the regional economy. This paper specifically focused on the ecosystem in the cities along the Huaihe River, by applying the current theories of urban ecology and the combining approaches of theoretical and case study, dynamic and static, as well as quantitative and qualitative analyses. Bengbu City was selected as a case city owing to its typical regional position, economical, ecological and environmental problems in Huaihe River Basin.On the basis of the characteristic in urban social and economical development, the features of urban water ecosystem, the following aspects were carried out in this paper. ①The relationship between urban water quality and social economical development was studied by the approach of Grey Correlation Coefficient Analysis in order to find the main factors influencing the deterioration of water quality; ② The total value of ecosystem services of the case city was evaluated, which directly reflected the supporting impacts of the urban ecosystem on the urban sustainable development;③ The comprehensive evaluation of urban water ecological security was valued by means of Factor Analysis (FA) to reflected it’s temporal and spatial change trend; ④ A system, which is scientifically reasonable, of sustainable management of urban ecosystem is established to maintain and conserve the urban water ecosystem.Some empirical and methodological approaches were first used in this paper. The findings of the research were believed to be not only an important practical significance in the protection of natural ecological resources, the maintenance of the sound ecological environment and the realization of the city’s sustainable development, but also provide scientific evidences for the management of the ecosystem and had a great reference value for the relevant studies in other city. It also enriched the contents of ecosystem studies in the Huaihe River Basin. The main conclusions in this paper were made as follows.1. At present the characteristic of the pollution sources in the case city was changing from the industrial pollution source to a multiple pollution sources containing industrial, agricultural and domestic pollution, which was proved by the fact that the total amount of urban industrial waste water and its pollutants is lower than that of the domestic pollution source, at the same time, the non-point pollution was rather serious.2. The temporal dynamic changes of the urban water environment showed that the water pollution was characterized by organic pollutants and the change in water quality can be divided into three periods, namely, the period of gradual deterioration in water quality (1983 to 1988), accelerating deterioration (1989 to 1996) and gradual improvement (1997 to 2003). And that trend was obviously under the influence of the macro-control actions of the nationwide water quality prevention.3. The relationship between the long-term water quality and social economic development demonstrated that industrial pollution was the most important factor worsening the water quality. The ratio of the third industry in GDP was also of great prominence to the water quality.4. The total value of Bengbu’s water ecosystem services was $0.634 billion in 2003. Among the different ecological service categories, the shipping function and the function of flood control and water resource storage of the urban water ecosystem were of great value. Though the purification value of the ecosystem accounts for only 0.24% of the services, its normal functioning was of extreme importance to the ecosystem health and the normal function of other services, and was therefore of special significance to the restoration of the urban ecosystem.5. The water ecological security of Bengbu mainly included the security of drinking water, the security of ecological water demand, and the maxim capaci更多还原