【作者】 李卫华；

【导师】 刘广田；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本研究选用普通小麦京771和Pm97034重组自交系群体通过一年两点的异地种植旨在对小麦品质性状的遗传规律进行深入的研究,阐明环境和基因型互作对品质性状的影响;揭示谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)含量的动态变化规律,并对一些小麦品质性状进行初步QTL定位,为我国小麦优质品种的标记辅助选择育种和优质性状基因的克隆提供理论依据和实践指导。主要结果如下: 1.谷蛋白膨胀指数(SIG)、Zeleny沉淀值、GMP含量、膨胀势(SP)和面筋指数(GI)间呈极显著的正相关,SIG值和湿面筋含量(WGC)、干面筋含量(DGC)间相关性不显著,与碱性水保持力(AWRC)呈显著负相关。AWRC与干、湿面筋含量表现出了极显著的正相关关系;面粉白度Ws与SIG值、Zeleny沉淀值、干、湿面筋含量及面筋指数间有显著或极显著的正相关关系,与AWRC的负相关极为显著,与GMP含量和膨胀势无显著相关性。 2.GMP含量动态变化表明,大多数RIL家系籽粒灌浆初期GMP的累积量较低,后逐渐升高,但在花后22天左右又开始下降,出现一个明显的低谷期,后逐渐上升,在成熟期GMP的积累达到最高。各阶段GMP净遗传增量的变化与其观测值的变化基本一致。 3.不同HMW-GS亚基组合及同一位点不同亚基对小麦品质性状的影响北京和新疆两地不尽一致.(1,17+18,5+10)和(1,14+15,5+10)亚基组合对提高Zeleny沉淀值、GMP含量和SIG值有(?)著的正向作用;(1,17+18,5+10)和(N,14+15,5+10)组合对提高碱性水保持力和增加面粉膨胀势的贡献较大;在提高面粉白度,降低面粉黄色度上,北京点效应值最高的组合是(1,17+18,2+12),新疆点则是(N,17+18,5+10)。17+18亚基在所测9个小麦品质性状的综合排序中位居第一,其次是14+15亚基,5+10亚基位于第三。反映出Glu-Bl位点在小麦品质改良中的重要作用。 4.用Mapmaker3.0将129个SSR位点绘在了小麦遗传连锁图上。连锁图谱的总长度是2106.2cM,标记间的平均遗传距离为16.32cM。 5.采用不同环境联合分析和上位性检测对小麦品质性状的QTL分析表明: 5.1绝大多数品质性状表现出以加性效应为主的遗传方式。上位性检测表明不同等位基因位点间存在大量加性-加性上位互作。相关性高的一组性状间往往存在同一QTL位点。 5.2Zeleny沉淀值的4个OTL在1AS、1DL、2DS和5BL染色体上;SIG值的主效QTL位(?)1AS、2AL、2DS和5BL染色体上;有3个QTL影响GMP含量,分别在2DS、3BS和7BL(?)色体上。AWRC的QTL位于3AS和4A染色体的着丝粒附近,膨胀势的QTL位于4B和7DS染色体上。 5.3湿面筋含量在1DL和5BL染色体上有2个QTL,ID染色体上的QTL是一个加性与环境互作的QTL。湿面筋含量的2个QTL的互作贡献率高于加性效应贡献率,表现出与环境互作显著。将面筋指数的3个QTL定位在1DL、2DS、5BL染色体上。 5.4 联合分析没有找到面粉白度Ws的主效QTL,但上位性分析检测到在3A染色体的着丝粒附近存在1个QTL位点,该位点与3B染色体上的一个位点间存在加-加上位效应。将面粉黄色度Yid的QTL定位在7A染色体的长臂上。 6.GMP含量的发育动态QTL分析一共检测到8个条件QTL和10个非条件QTL,但没有一个QTL能在测定的5个时期都有效应,表明控制小麦籽粒GMP含量的基因的表达具有明显的时空性。更多还原

【Abstract】 A population of 175 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from common wheat Jing 771 and Pm97034 was planted in Beijing and Xinjiang location. The main objectives were to investigate the separation and distribution of wheat quality traits in RIL population, expound the interaction effects of genetic and environment on quality traits, reveal the dynamic changes of GMP content, and map several quality traits QTL loci on the wheat chromosomes.Major results are described below:1. There was a complex correlationship among wheat quality traits. It was significant positive correlation among swelling index of glutenin (SIG) value, Zeleny sedimentation value(Zeleny-SV), GMP content, swelling power(SP)and gluten index(GI). No correlation was found between SIG value and dry glutenin content(DGC), and between SIG and wet glutenin content(WGC). While, a significant negative correlation was found between SIG value and alkaline water retentiveness capacity(AWRC). AWRC was significant positive correlation with WGC and DGC. Flour whiteness was positive correlation with SIG value, Zeleny-SV, DGC, WGC and GI, significantly. But negative correlation with AWRC, and no correlation with GMP content and SP.2. The dynamic changes of GMP content indicated that GMP accumulated at low level in early stage of grain filling, then ascended gradually, but descended about 22 days after fertilization, then ascended continually up to maturity. The results of conditional genetic variance components showed that the dynamic changes of the GMP net genetic effects were similar to GMP content accumulation.3. The effects of HMW subunits combinations of different allelic loci and different subunits at the same loci on quality traits were analyzed quantitatively in Beijing and Xinjiang location. The results showed that (1,17+18,5+10), (1,14+15,5+10) were the best HMW subunits combinations for improving the Zeleny-SV, SIG value and GMP content. (N, 14+15, 5+10) was better for improving the AWRC and SP than other subunits combinations. The influence of subunits combinations on improving the flour whiteness and declining the flour yellowness were different in different location. For example, (1,17+18,2+12) has a positive effect in Beijing, but(N,17+18,5+10) was best in Xinjinag. The effects of HMW subunits encoded by the same allelic locus on quality traits were also different. 17+18 subunit combination was the first in comprehensive rank on the effects of wheat quality traits measured, then 14+15 subunit combination, and then 5+10 subunit combination was ranked the third. It’s more important of Glu-B1 loci for wheat quality improving.4. 129 SSR markers were mapped on 21 chromosomes by Mapmaker3.0. Length of linkage map was 2106.2 cM, with an average distance of markers was 16.32 cM.5. QTL analysis by combined comparison and epistatic test in different environments showed:5.1 Additive effects was main genetic behavior for most quality traits, and addition-addition epistatic interaction was found between different allelic locus commonly. There was the common QTL in traits with high correlation coeficients.5.2 Four QTLs located on 1AS,1DL,2DS and 5BL were associated with Zeieny sedimentation value; the main effects QTL of SIG value located on IAS, 2AL, 2DS and 5BL; and there were three QTLs influenced GMP content on the 2DS,3BS and 7BL respectively. Two QTLs on 3AS and 4A near the cen were associated with AWRC, and two QTLs on 4B and 7DS influenced flour swelling power.5.3 Two QTLs located on 1DL and 5BL were associated with WGC, the "QWgc-1D" was a QTL controlled by genetic and environment meanwhile. It was different from other quality traits, as its interactive contribution rates were higher than additive contribution rates. Three QTLs were mapped on 1DL,2DS and 5BL for glutenin index.5.4 No QTL was found associated with flour whiteness by combined comparison, but one QTL was found near the cen of 3A chromosome by epistatic test, and addition-addition epistatic interaction with 3B was tested. One major QTL located on 7AL was associated with grain yellow pigmen更多还原