【作者】 封严；

【导师】 肖长发；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 纺织工程， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 在较全面分析吸油材料的特征和吸油机理、类型和制备方法、应用及发展趋势的基础上,选择含亲油性基团的甲基丙烯酸酯(MA)为单体,以具有自交联能力的甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为潜交联剂,制备含潜交联剂的线性成纤共聚甲基丙烯酸酯(CPMA),采用先溶液纺丝再后交联处理的方法,研制出具有吸油(有机液体化合物如氯仿、甲苯、煤油等)、保油功能的后交联型三维网状结构共聚甲基丙烯酸酯纤维(CPMA-H)及其复合非织造布,研究了聚合工艺、交联剂种类、交联条件等对聚合产物结构与性能的影响、线性成纤聚合物纺丝成形工艺、纤维的结构与性能等,阐明了潜交联剂交联机理,分析了CPMA-H纤维的三维网状结构及其吸油性能等。 首先研究了化学交联共聚甲基丙烯酸酯(C-CPMA)的聚合工艺,分析了反应条件对C-CPMA结构与性能的影响。结果表明,C-CPMA具有较紧密的三维网状结构,在本研究范围内最佳聚合条件:聚合温度为75℃,聚合时间为8h,水油比为3:1,搅拌速率为300～400rpm,分散剂用量为单体的0.5wt%;C-CPMA对氯仿、甲苯、二甲苯及煤油的饱和吸油率分别可达40g/g、26.5g/g、25.5g/g和15g/g,且保油率在95%以上;对C-CPMA缓释行为的研究表明,交联度是影响C-CPMA缓释行为的重要因素。 研究了不同交联剂对CPMA交联结构的影响,确定了以HEMA作为潜交联剂替代传统化学交联剂,制备了含潜交联剂的共聚甲基丙烯酸酯(PC-CPMA)并对其交联条件进行了研究。结果表明,HEMA用量对PC-CPMA的吸油速率及饱和吸油率有很大影响,当HEMA用量适当时,PC-CPMA具有适宜的交联度,显示出较好的吸油性能。 分析和讨论了线性成纤CPMA的纺丝成形,采用溶液纺丝法制备出CPMA初生纤维,当纺丝温度为50℃,纺丝溶液中CPMA质量浓度为25%,凝固浴组成为水/溶剂=90/10,卷绕速度为28～37m/min,空气层高度为5～10cm时,纺丝过程可正常进行,所得纤维综合性能比较理想。 纺丝成形后,对CPMA纤维进行热交联处理,制成CPMA-H纤维,研究表明,随潜交联剂用量增加,CPMA-H纤维的交联度增大,而纤维的饱和吸油率降低,凝胶分率增大;当潜交联剂用量增至35%时,潜交联剂大分子上亲油性酯基数量相对增多,对油品的吸收作用增强,此时纤维的更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of the analysis of the characteristic and mechanism, type and preparation method, research and application development of oil-absorptive material, methacrylate(MA) was chosen as monomer because of the hydrophobic side group on its molecule. Hydroethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was used as potential crosslinking agent due to its self-crosslinking ability. The post crosslinked copolymethacrylate(CPMA-H) fibers with three-dimensional network structure and oil-absorptive function(organic solvent such as chloroform, toluene and kerosene) and the composite nonwoven fabric were prepared by the process of post crosslinking after the copolymethacrylate(CPMA) fiber was span. The factors influencing the structures and properties of the fibers, the spinning process, the mechnism of crosslinking, the effect of three-dimensional network structure on the oil absorptive properties of CPMA-H fibers were also studied.The polymerizing process, structure and property of chemical crosslinked copolymethacrylate(C-CPMA) and the factors influencing the polymerization were firstly studied. The results showed that the optimal polymerizing conditions in this research were: temperature at 75 ℃, time for 8h, ratio of water and oil at 3:1, stirring speed at 300~400rpm and dispersing agent content of 0.5wt%. The oil-absorbency of C-CPMA to chloroform, toluene, xylene and kerosene could reach 40g /g, 26.5g/g, 25.5g/g and 15g/g respectively. And the oil retention was higher than 95%. The kinetics of the controlled-release for C-CPMA was also studied. The results indicated that the crosslinking degree was the key factor that determined the absorptive and controlled-release properties of C-CPMA.The effect of different crosslinking agent on crosslinked structure of CPMA was researched. HEMA was chosen as potential crosslinking agent and copolymethacrylate with HEMA(PC-CPMA) was synthesized. The results showed that the HEMA content had an important effect on the oil absorbency and absorptive rate of PC-CPMA. PC-CPMA had good oil absorptive properties with proper HEMA content.The solution spinning process of CPMA was discussed. The optimal factors of spinning process were: temperature at 50℃, concentration of spinning solution at 25%, coagulation bath with H)2O/DMAc = 90/10, winding speed at 28~37m/min and air gap at 5~10cm.The structures and properties of CPMA-H fibers were tested. The results indicated that HEMA content, crosslinking conditions(crosslinked time and temperature) and copolymer composition were the main factors which affected oil absorptive properties of fibers. The oil absorbency drawn down and the gel fraction went up with the increase of HEMA content, but when HEMA content was 35%, the oil absorbency contrarily increased due to the hydrophobic side group on HEMA molecule. The fibers performed great oil absorptive properties when crosslinked at 150°C for 20min. The absorptive ability to kerosene was effectively improved by adding the monomer lauryl methacrylate(LMA). The maximum absorbency to chloroform, toluene and kerosene reached 34.75g/g, 18g/g, and 8.00g/g respectively. The CPMA-H fiber had good absorptive ability to oil on water surface.FTIR, SEM and DMA results of the fiber before and after crosslinking indicated that the CPMA-H fibers with three-dimensional network had a semi-interpenetrating polymer network(semi-IPN) structure. The network structure was formed by HEMA when it was crosslinked and CPMA molecules were tangled in the net to form semi-IPN structure. The crosslinking point provided necessary node to prevent the network was destroyed.The composite nonwoven fabric with oil absorptive function was prepared by CPMA fiber and polypropylene(PP) fiber. The oil absorptive properties of the nonwoven fabric and the affecting factors were tested. The results showed that the saturated oil absorbency of the nonwoven fabric to chloroform, toluene and kerosene was 9g/g, 6.5g/g and 4.4g/g respectively when LMA content was 10% and CPMA/PP=2/1 (weight ratio). The oil retention of CPMA-H nonwoven fabric was higher than 50%, whi更多还原