节点文献
IT产品价格论
On the Price of IT Product
【作者】 卓武扬;
【导师】 杨继瑞;
【作者基本信息】 四川大学 , 政治经济学, 2004, 博士
【摘要】 作为现代信息技术转化为生产力的产业部门,IT产业是高新技术产业的主力军和领头羊。IT产业发展现状可喜、速度迅猛、绩效巨大,部门产品的物质形态、使用价值、市场形态、生产过程和价值决定都具有与传统产品相区别的特殊性。反映在价值实现的市场价格上,IT产品的价格也就有着其独有的特点。本文针对IT产业的特殊性,从不同角度、不同层次对其IT产品价格的形成机制、运行机制、调控机制进行了系统深入的研究和探讨。 本论文共分九个部分。第一部分是序言,简要介绍论文的选题背景和意义,辩析IT相关的几个概念,介绍国内外对IT产品价格问题研究的现状和本论文研究和探讨的一些心得和体会。第二部分是在寻根溯源的基础上,观察和分析IT产业的现状和问题,并对当前我国IT产业发展的几个热点问题进行了论述,对IT产业未来发展作出了前瞻和展望。在此基础上,论文的第三部分作了知识经济条件下IT产品价值决定的特殊性分析。在拓展劳动价值论的研究基础上,分别从使用价值和价值的特殊性、价值构成的特殊性、价值创造和价值转移的特殊性等方面解析IT产品的价值决定问题,提出了科学技术影响价值创造的“后向增倍效应”和“后续创造功能”,以此为基础提出了“绝对超额剩余价值”和“相对超额剩余价值”的概念,揭示科学技术产生剩余价值的两个源泉。紧接着,论文第四部分是关于IT产品价格形成的研究。通过对价格形成基础质的内涵和量的规定性的论析,并以此为基础阐述供求机制、技术进步机制的影响和作用,说明了IT产品价格形成的基本原理,特别是论证IT产业技术进步从无形损耗、产出增长和创四川大学博士学位论文造消费需求三个方面对IT产品价格的作用效应,并且借用技术经济学的方法提出了两个评价IT产品价格的路径。从一般理论角度分析和论述了rr产品价格的形成机制之后,论文第五部分进行了IT市场结构与价格关系的研究,对不同的rr市场结构进行了区分,分别说明不同市场结构下各类rr产品价格形成和运行的特殊规律。针对IT市场结构复杂、IT产品种类多样的情况,区分不同IT市场结构下产品价格形成和运动变化的不同特点,其价格需求弹性、价格收入弹性等也表现出不同的变化状态。随后,论文第六部分提出了IT产品价格的重要特性:不确定性。基于对rr产业技术的高度不确定性的论析,从rr产品价值决定、价格形成和运行等不同方面对不确定性进行研究和论述。首先是研究价值决定的不确定性:在引入价值不确定性研究的理论支撑后,从不同侧面分析了IT产品价值的不确定性机理;然后是研究价格形成和运行的不确定性:用信息经济学的逆向选择、委托一代理模型分析了由于信息不对称为价格形成带来的不确定性;用纳什均衡和精炼纳什均衡模型分析由于不完全静态和动态博弈对价格运行的不确定性影响。论文第七部分研究IT企业的价格行为,主要从IT企业的价格行为取向和定价方法两个方面进行论析和说明。rr企业的价格行为取向由定价目标和定价策略两大部分组成,在一些特定条件下它可能会产生不正当的价格行为取向。IT企业根据价格行为取向来选择具体的定价方法,本论文介绍了rr企业的成本导向定价法、需求导向定价法、竞争导向定价法及其适用条件。论文第八部分解析当前我国IT市场的价格问题,将之归纳为价格行为的问题、价格规则的问题和价格垄断的问题三大类。其中价格行为的问题包括价格歧视、价格欺诈、哄抬物价、低价倾销等,价格规则的问题包括规则紊乱的价格战和价格监管制度缺损,价格垄断的问题则突出反映为我国IT市场价格垄断过度,造成经济净福利的损失。对IT市场不正当价格行为的一般性综述基础上,用经济学分析方法考证盗版现象的成因、影响和对策。基于这些问题,论文第九部分有针对性地研究我国IT市场的价格规制与管理,探讨如何使IT产品价格在合理的轨道下正常运行,以及价格偏离轨道的拨乱反正问题。从创建价格形成环境、铺设价格运行轨道的角度论析我国rr市场的价格规制,主要研究如何打造制度安排、法规体系等价格形成和运行的轨道和环境,从IT产品价格管理、IT产业管理体制和IT市场管理四川大学博士学位论文的法制化建设等方面研究和探讨我国rr市场的价格管理问题。 本论文在学习和借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,在一些问题的探讨和研究上有所进展和新的思考。首先,在率先对信息产业和rr产业、信息产品和IT产品进行明确区分的前提下,对rr产品的价格,从价值基础到价格形成到价格不确定性进行系统的研究,打破了以往对信息产品价格研究的多而缺少对rr产品价格的专门研究,对定价研究的多而缺少对价格一系列问题的系统化和完整化的研究。在研究方法上,本文以马克思主义经济学理论为基础,广泛和适当地综合运用了哲学、法学、政治学、博弈论、产业经济学、技术经济学、信息经济学、制度经济学甚至武侠小说的思想和方法。通过对各领域、各门类和各分支学科理论、思想和方法的交叉和综合运用,实现了对rr产品价格问题研究在方法上的创新。其次,本文提出了科学技术对价值创造的“后向增倍效应”和“后续创造功
【Abstract】 As the industrial division representing the productive power transformed from modern information technology, IT industry is the main force of high-tech industries. The development of IT industry has an amazing speed and a fascinating result. The material form, the use value, the market pattern, and value-forming are all different from tradional industrial product. Reflecting on the market price which represents the value, the price of IT product has it’s own special laws. Aiming at these, this dissertation has taken a research from several sides and special views on the mechanism of the price of IT product.This dissertation consists of nine parts. The first part is preface. It briefly introduces the background and importance of subject-choosing, and explains the related concepts, as well as presents the current situation of research on this subject. It also introduces what the writer learned from the work on this topic. Based on tracking back to it’s origin, the second part surveys and analyzed the present situation of IT industry, meanwhile it discusses hot issues and puts forward a forecast about the development of IT industry. Then the third part takes research on the specific characterists in value-forming of IT product under the epoch of knowledge economy. It separately analyzes the specific characterists for value and use value, the constitution of value, the value-creating and value-transferring. On how science and technology affectvalue-creating, it raises "back-forward multiplying " and "future-creating" . On the basis of that, the dissertation puts forward "absolute surplus value" and "relative surplus value" to reveal sources from which science and technology generate surplus value. The fourth part is about how the price of IT product take form. Through analysis on the essence and quantity of price-forming, it illustrats how mechanism of demand and supply make influence on price of IT product. From the aspect of invisible wear and tear, increasing of production, and creation of consumptive demand, it specially explains how advances of technology in IT industry. Following the fourth part this dissertation makes research on the relationship between market structure and price. That is the fifth part. It differentiates several kinds of IT market, in order to illustrate the special laws of forming and running of price in different market. Aiming at complicated market structrue, it elaborates the specific characteristics, including flexibility of price-demand and price-income. Then the sixth part poses uncertainty, the important characteristics of price of IT product. Based on analysis of high-uncertainty of technology of IT industry, it makes research from the side of value-forming, price-forming and running of IT product. At first,it makes research on the uncertainty of technology of IT industry. After introducing the prop theory of uncertainty of value, it analyzs the uncertainty mechanism of value of IT product from many sides. Then it researchs on the uncertainty of price-forming and running. To get to that object it uses the theory of contrary-selecting and entrustment-agency to analyzes the uncertainty caused by unsymmetry of information, also it uses game theory to research into uncertainty of price-running. The seventh part of this dissertatin is focused on the price behavior of IT company. It mainly research into two fields: the trendency of price behavior and methods of pricing. The trendency of price behavior consists of pricing object and pricing strategy of IT company, and it will generateimproper case under certain condition. According the trendency of price behavior, IT company choose specific pricing methods, including cost-deciding, demand-deciding,and competition deciding. The eighth part analyzes current price problems in domestic market. It concludes that there are three kinds of price problem: problem of price behavior, problem of price rule, and problem of monopoly. Among those problems, the problem of price behavior includes price-discrimination, price-swindling, forcing up price, a