【作者】 马建明；

【导师】 周魁一； 陆吉康； 郑邦民；

【作者基本信息】 中国水利水电科学研究院 ， 水文水资源， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 防洪减灾是我国长期而艰巨的任务，建立防汛指挥系统，将为我国防汛抗旱指挥调度提供先进的决策支持手段。在防汛指挥决策中，江河防洪调度是关键。为了使江河防洪系统在遭遇各种类型的洪水时能进行实时合理的调度运行，需要建立江河防洪系统洪水模拟模型，从而为防洪决策提供科学依据和技术支撑。论文分析了江河防洪子系统组成，探讨了江河防洪子系统模拟的主要内容，对江河防洪系统模拟软件开发中的几个关键技术进行了探讨： 1、河网非恒定流计算 论文从网河洪水的积分控制方程推导出发，引入Newton叠代法，对河网洪水演进方程组进行直接求解。 2、河网恒定流计算 为了保证叠代法的收敛性和收敛速度，在非恒定流计算前，对河网进行恒定流计算。论文中恒定流计算采用Monte Carlo法，也称随机游动方法。 3、边界和地形自适应网格生成原理 在江河防洪系统的二维计算中，常常需要考虑子堤、隔堤等的影响，同时还需要根据地形变化调整网格分布。论文探讨了边界和地形自适应网格生成的原理。 4、行蓄洪区简化二维洪水模拟思路 对于面积较小或地势单一的蓄滞洪区和堤防保护区，论文提出了简化分析方法的思路：一是基于研究区域DEM模型的铺水方法，其二是依据Cunge提出的拟二维分析方法进行简化。 5、一维河网软件开发 基于一维河网洪水模拟计算理论和专用的GIS底层平台，论文探讨建立了一维河网洪水模拟软件。论文基于C#语言开发河网计算模型，从而实现了模拟模型与GIS底层的无缝集成。同时针对河网模拟的需求，探讨建立了河网拓扑关系自动建立、河网计算后处理等各项功能。 6、二维洪水模拟软件开发 论文探讨了二维计算网格自动生成以及二维计算后处理。开发了计算网格自动生成软件，实现贴体坐标网格，非结构网格(三角形、四边形)自动生成。在二维洪水模拟计算的后处理方面着重探讨了水深分布和流速场的查询、显示和动态过程展现。7、江河防洪系统集成思路 论文创造性地提出通过区域拓扑关系实现江河防洪系统模拟集成的思路。关键词:江河防洪系统洪水模拟河网网格自适应软件更多还原

【Abstract】 Flood prevention and disaster reduction is a long-term agenda and an arduous task in China. China flood control command system will provide decision-support for flood control and disaster reduction nationwide. As to decision support for flood control, the key component is flood dispatching within river systems. Flood modeling in river systems will help to make reasonable flood control decision under various scenarios of flooding occurrence. In this paper, the author first brings forward the components of river systems and the context of flood modeling, and then puts emphasis on flood modeling software package development for river systems. This paper discusses several key technologies and their implementation on flood modeling within river systems.1 One-dimensional unsteady flow modeling in river networkStarting from the deduction of the integral form of the governing equations, the author introduces the Newton’s Iteration method for one-dimensional unsteady flow modeling in river network.2 Steady flow modeling in river networkIn order to guarantee the convergence of iteration method, steady flow analysis should be performed before the unsteady flow modeling. This paper introduced Monte Carlo Method, also called random walk method,for steady flow analysis in river network.3 Boundary-fitted mesh and elevation variance adaptive mesh generation In two-dimensional flood modeling within river systems, the impact of dykes and irregular boundary is very important, meanwhile, the ground elevation is also a main factor that should be taken into account. In this paper, the author discusses boundary-fitted mesh generation and adaptive mesh generation due to elevation variance.4 Simplification of flood modeling in detention areaIn this paper, the author brings forward the idea of simplified flood analysis method in small and flat detention area. One is based on digital elevation model, another one is based on quasi-two dimensional modeling originated by J A Cunge.5 Development of one dimensional river network modeling software Based on the theory of one-dimensional flood modeling in river network and the special GIS platform developed using C#, this paper takes a creative exploring towards establishing a software package for one-dimensional river network flood modeling under the latest software development technology. The author developed the flood model using C#, ensured the seamless integration with the developed GIS platform. According to the requirement for a software package, the author further discusses the automated construction of topological relationship between rivers within a river network, as well as the visualization of modelingresults.6 Development of 2-d flood modeling softwareThe author mainly discusses the two-dimensional mesh generation and the post-processing of 2-d flood modeling. The author develops a mesh-gen for body-fitted mesh generation and irregular triangle or quadrilateral mesh generation. In post-processing of flood modeling, the author mainly discusses the visualization of flooded area and flow field.7 Integrated flood modeling systemAt the end of this paper, the author puts forward an idea for integrated flood modeling system through the topological relations between objects within a river svstem.更多还原