【作者】 付铁军；

【导师】 张宝生； 周云山；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 车辆工程， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 汽车是人类文明发展的标志之一，它的发展必须符合人类社会的发展要求。节约能源，保护环境已经成为人类发展的主题，全球数以千万计的汽车已经成为能源消耗和环境污染的一个主要的因素。因此采取措施，应用新技术，降低汽车能源消耗和减少废气排放已成为汽车的发展方向之一。由于内燃机的功率特性与汽车发动机理想的功率特性存在较大差异，因此变速器是装备内燃机的汽车动力传动装置中必不可少的一个重要组成部分，其中最行之有效、最有潜力方法是采用无级变速传动器。金属带式无级变速传动（CVT）具有结构简单紧凑、操纵方便、传动效率高、成本低、节能和环保等优点。它作为轿车发展的一项先进技术适合我国轿车变速器发展的要求，越来越受到普遍关注。本文结合国家科委有关“汽车电子控制金属带式无级变速传动器研究”国家重点攻关项目，对该传动系统的关键技术——金属带式无级变速传动系统的智能控制技术进行了深入细致的研究。主要研究内容如下：文中首先系统地介绍了金属带式无级变速器的发展历史和当前的技术状况。对金属带式无级变速器与其它类型的变速器的优、缺点进行了比较，说明在机械式无级变速传动中，金属带式无级变速传动无论是在转矩传递能力还是在传递效率方面均优于其它类型的机械式无级变速传动，是较理想的传动装置，由此阐述了论文选题的学术和实际应用背景以及技术先进性。V型金属带具有独特的结构特征，因此金属带的传动机理与普通的V型橡胶带的传动机理不同，金属带的受力分析非常复杂。而金属带式无级变速传动机理是其传动与控制的理论基础，因此为建立可以用于实时控制的V型金属带传动的动力学模型，即建立转矩、传动比、转速以及运行工况与带轮轴向夹紧<WP=119>力的关系，本文从金属带式无级变速传动的运动学关系入手，在必要的假定条件下，详细分析了金属片推力与金属环的张力在金属带传动过程中的分布与变化规律，通过建立转矩、传动比、 夹紧力比之间的关系，给出可以用于实时控制的金属带传动的动力学模型，为进一步实现CVT控制建立了理论基础。装有无级变速传动系统的汽车具有面工况，对应汽车一定的行驶条件，当汽车速度和负荷一定时，通过传动比的连续变化，可以使汽车的发动机处于最佳的工作状态。文中首次建立了包括CVT液压控制系统的装有CVT的动力传动系统模型，说明装有CVT的动力传动系统是复杂的多输入、非线性系统。文中以燃油经济性为例，研究了无级变速传动系统与发动机的匹配策略。应用所建立的CVT动力传动系统的综合控制数学模型，在一些典型工况下进行了仿真分析。仿真分析结果表明无级变速传动系统与发动机达到了较好的匹配，所设计的控制系统及其控制策略具有良好的控制效果。将发动机和变速器的控制系统进行综合考虑，对于设计发动机和变速器的控制系统以及评价发动机与变速器及车之间的匹配性能显得尤为重要。为了使整个无级变速动力传动系统成为一个完整的动态系统，并考虑到无级变速汽车动力传动系统固有的强非线性特性、耦合性和系统参数的不确定性等因素，本文研究了动力传动系统综合控制策略，对动力传动系统的匹配和控制策略以及整个系统性能最优化的作出了描述和评价。无级变速传动系统是复杂的时变非线性系统，其输入输出之间还具有耦合效应。在汽车的复杂运行工况和大量的不确定环境因素的影响下，传统控制方法在汽车上的应用受到了限制，因此采用传统的控制方法（如PID控制）己经不能取得令人满意的控制效果。 模糊控制逻辑与人的思维相类似，具有模拟人的抽象思维的能力，它能处理解析模型描述的关系又能应用语言描述的经验，这使其在经验知识起重要作用的汽车控制技术中具有独特优势。因此，研究无级变速传动系统的模糊控制策略是十分必要的。文中设计了三个具有独立闭环反馈信号的模糊控制器来分别控制发动机油门开度、无级变速器传动比和制动器踏板量，仿真结果表明，模糊控制器对复杂的汽车运行工况和外界阻力激励有较强的适应性。 <WP=120>为了提高控制系统的适应能力和对外界扰动的稳定性，改善无级变速传动的动、静态控制效果，研究开发了一种针对无级变速系统的自适应模糊控制器，其中采用带有参数自调节的模糊一PI控制器控制发动机油门，采用混合型模糊PID控制器控制无级变速器传动比。该控制器可以用于无级变速传动系统的试验台上，也可以用于无级变速汽车传动系统的控制器开发上。本文最后通过台架实验后，首次把电控系统移植到EQ6480汽车上对CVT的电控系统进行整车道路试验。典型工况的性能试验结果表明，所设计的控制系统能够满足无级变速器的控制要求，试验过程和控制结果基本上反映了金属带式无级变速器控制系统的主要特征，为进一步开发CVT电控系统积累了宝贵的经验。更多还原

【Abstract】 Automobile is one of the symbols of human civilization, it’s development must conform to the requirements of the society. The two main themes of the contemporary world are economizing energy and protecting environment. However, millions of autos running in the street are the major subjects of energy consumption and environmental pollution. Therefore, one of the directions of future automobile development is to take effective measures and apply new technology to reduce the fuel consumption and minimize exhaust gas. Because the characteristic of Internal-combustion Engine is different from that of the Ideal engine, So a transmission is needed to improve the performance of powertrain. And the most effectual and promising way is CVT ( Continuously Variable transmission ). The metal pushing V-belt type continuously variable transmission (CVT) has the advantages of simple and compact structure, easy operation, excellent performance, low cost and fuel economy. As an advanced technology to develop passenger car, it can meet the demands of developing transmission in our country. So this technology attracts much more attention in recent years. The State Commission of Science & Technology has listed this technology as one of the key projects during he Ninth-Five Plan. The transmission mechanism of the metal V-belt CVT is the theoretic basement of control system. And the control system is the key technology of the CVT. The dissertation mainly focused on the intelligent control system of the metal pushing V-Belt type CVT system. The content is as follow:In the beginning the dissertation reviews the development process and the technique of CVT briefly. Through the comparison with other transmission, it showed that the metal pushing V-Belt type CVT can meet the currently demand of drivability, economics and emission etc, and stated that the CVT is the ideal <WP=122>transmission, will be the developing tendency for the transmission of passenger car. In the paper the background and the necessity of this theme in science and practice are given.Because of its special structure, the transmission mechanism of metal pushing V-Belt type CVT is much different from that of the traditional rubber V-Belt. Because the transmission mechanism of CVT is the foundation of its control system, the dynamic model of metal pushing V-Belt for realtime control is established. Start from the kinematics of the belt, the load distribution and variation of the element compressive force and ring tensile force, and the relationship of the transmitted torque, ratio and clamping force, were discussed thoroughly on the basis of the hypothesized model in order to establish the dynamic model that could be used in reality. And this is the theoretical basis of CVT control.For a given driving condition, when the vehicle speed and load is constant, the ratio of the powertrain with CVT can be changed continuously, so the engine can be controlled to working in the fuel economic area. The CVT powertain model including hydraulic system is presented. The integrated control system of engine throttle and CVT ratio control is established, and some typical condition is discussed by simulation on the above mentioned model. The simulation results show the model work well, and consistent to the reality. The combination control system of engine and transmission is very important to design the control system of engine and transmission, to appraise the matching characteristic of powertrain. Considering the non-linear characteristic, coupling and parameter uncertainty, a integrated danamic model of powertrain with CVT was established. The synthesized control law of this powertrain was studied, and the matching law and control strategy of the powertrain was appraised in this paper.The powertrain with CVT is a complicated non-linear system, the input and output parameter was coupled together. At the effect of complex working condition and uncertainty of environment of vehicle, the application of traditional control method, for example PID control, was not very useful. Fuz更多还原