【作者】 赵麦换；

【导师】 黄强； 田峰巍；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 随着水资源利用的深入和矛盾加剧，水库作用呈现出流域化、生态化趋势，水库调度成为流域水资源统一配置的重要手段，水库补偿效益的理论和方法需要更新。本文针对水库补偿效益研究中比较薄弱的部分进行了系统研究，主要开展水库补偿效益理论体系、流域尺度水库补偿效益模型、水库防洪补偿效益以及补偿效益分摊方法的研究，并以黄河为实例建立黄河干流水库补偿效益模型，计算了龙羊峡水库的防洪补偿效益，还研究南水北调西线对于黄河干流的补偿效益，具体的研究成果如下： (1)完善了水库补偿效益的理论体系。将以发电补偿效益为主的原有补偿效益理论体系扩展到全流域水资源统一调配的层面，建立了相应的概念、补偿效益计算机理、分摊机理和分类等，以适应水资源配置流域化、生态化的发展趋势； (2)流域尺度补偿效益模型研究。水库调度的流域化、生态化要求水库补偿效益模型必须流域化，在分析对比流域尺度水库补偿效益模型和简单目标水库补偿效益模型的基础上，通过流域水库调度目标确定模西安理工大学博士学位论文型，提出建立流域水库补偿效益模型的两类模型，即效益型和成本型，并应用于黄河干流水库补偿效益研究中; (3)基于离差平方法的水库补偿效益分摊方法研究。针对水库补偿效益分摊中单指标方法片面性强和综合指标方法主观性强的缺点，本文引入离差平方法这一可以充分考虑单指标影响又具有客观性的方法，将其应用于水库补偿效益的效益分摊中，实例分析和黄河干流水库补偿效益分摊表明其实用可靠; (4)黄河干流水库补偿效益的研究。将本文提出流域尺度补偿效益模型应用于黄河干流的水库补偿效益研究中，建立效益型模型和成本型模型，计算出黄河上游大型水库的经济补偿效益约为10亿元/年; (5)计算了南水北调西线工程对于黄河干流水库的补偿效益，并提出由黄河上游水电承担南水北调西线工程的“以电调水，以水治黄”的新思路。通过长系列调节计算，考虑西线一期工程的三种配水方案，计算出南水北调西线一期工程增加黄河干流水库多年平均发电量为107一126亿kwh，其中增加黄河上游梯级水电发电量98一100亿kw.h。在此基础上，通过分析南水北调西线工程可能投资模式，提出了“以电调水，以水治黄”的新思路。 (6)计算出龙羊峡水库的防洪补偿效益为1.19亿元。分别计算了龙羊峡对于节省工程投资、提高刘家峡水库防洪标准和提高兰州市防洪标准的防洪补偿效益，计算出龙羊峡节省相关工程投资为0.54亿元/年，提高刘家峡防洪标准的补偿效益为0.36亿元/年，对兰州市的防洪补偿效益为0.29亿元/年。关键词:水库补偿效益，流域尺度模型，黄河干流水库，离差平方法，南水北调西线，防洪补偿效益，龙羊峡本研究国家重大基础规划项目973方法研究，编号:G199904360801，!I专题(多维临界调控模型体系及求解2002一2004)资助更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with water shortage, the reservoirs play a more important role in water resources allocating and their effect appear whole basin and eco-environmental tendency. Thus the concepts, methods and models of reservoirs compensation benefits need to renew. Aiming at rebuilding the theory and method system of reservoirs compensation benefits, this dissertation deals with the theory system of reservoirs compensation benefits, watershed reservoirs compensation benefits model, flood control compensation benefits and method of sharing reservoirs compensation benefits. The reservoirs in the mainstream of Yellow River were taken as an example. The watershed scale compensation benefits models of the reservoirs in the mainstream of Yellow River were setup, flood control compensation benefits model of Longyangxia Reservoir was built, and the influence of the West Route of the Project of Water Transfer from South to North on the hydropower generation of Yellow River was analyzed. The main research content and results were as follows:(1) The theory system of reservoirs compensation benefits was consummated. To meet the demand of whole basin and eco-environmental tendency of water resourcesallocating, the dissertation established relevant concepts, rebuilt quantify mechanism and sharing mechanism and classified reservoirs compensation benefits, which extend the theory system of reservoirs compensation benefits from power generation benefit to whole basin water resources allocating benefits.(2)Basin scale reservoirs compensation benefits models were setup. Compared basin scale models and simple aim models of reservoirs compensation benefits, the targets of reservoirs operation were analyzed and two type basin scale reservoirs compensation benefits models were established, i.e., benefit type and cost type. These models were applied in the case study of the reservoirs in the mainstream of Yellow River and obtained satisfied results.(3) Deviation square method was applied in sharing reservoirs compensation benefits. To avoid one-sidedness of single-factor sharing method and subjectivity of synthetic one due to heavier weight occupied by the decision making by expert, the dissertation adopted deviation square method, which decreasing the subjectivity in the distribution of reservoirs compensation benefits. Case study and its application in reservoirs compensation benefits in the mainstream of Yellow River showed it was a simple and effect method for determine associated distribution coefficients.(4) Reservoirs compensation benefits in the mainstream of Yellow River were studied. The basin scale reservoirs compensation benefits models proposed were applied in the case study of reservoirs compensation benefits in the mainstream of Yellow River. Benefit model and cost one were setup respectively and compensation benefits of the reservoirs in the upstream of Yellow River were traversed. It was about 1 billion per year.(5)The compensation benefit of the West Route of the Project of Water Transfer from South to North on the hydropower generation of Yellow River was analyzed and suggestion for the West Route of the Project of Water Transfer from South to North was proposed. Three schemes were considered to quantify the influence of the West Route ofthe Project of Water Transfer from South to North on the hydropower generation of Yellow River. The result showed that first stage of the West Route of the Project of Water Transfer from South to North would increase hydropower generation of the hydropower stations in the mainstream of Yellow River by 1.07×1010kW.h to 1.26×1010kW.h, that in the upstream by 0.98×1010kW.h to 1.00×1010kW.h. Based on the remarkable compensation benefits of the West Route of the Project of Water Transfer from South to North on the hydropower generation of Yellow River, the dissertation proposed the hydropower stations in the upstream to take on construction and management of the West Route.(6) Flood control compensation benefit of Longyangxia Reservoir was quantified with 119 million yuan per year. The disse更多还原