【作者】 王凯珍；

【导师】 任海；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 社会转型是当今中国社会变迁的总体特征,是以社会结构的变迁为主要内容、涉及社会各领域的全面变革。当前中国的社会转型由两个深刻的转变构成:一是体制的转轨,二是结构的转型,其中经济体制转轨影响着社会内部结构的变动,社会结构的变动又促进经济体制转轨的深化,二者彼此依赖、相互支撑,共同推进瓦解旧体制创建新制度体系的艰难进程。社会转型必然推动城市社会管理体制转型。本研究以城市社区体育为主要研究对象,运用文献资料研究、问卷调查、个案研究、访谈、实地调查、数理统计等研究方法,以社会转型研究为切入点,通过社会转型对城市社区体育发展的影响、“单位体育”的发展变化特点、城市社会体育管理体制变革、不同类型社区体育和体育活动点的发展变化状况、社区体育发展趋势等内容的研究,旨在为推动城市社会体育管理体制改革,促进社区体育理论和实践发展做出贡献。本研究的主要观点如下:1、社会转型是社会变迁的一种特殊形式,是推进社会形态演进的重要动力。社会转型具有过渡性、渐进性、整体性、长期性、复杂性等特点。社会经济转型和社会结构转型中市场竞争机制的影响、政府职能的转变、“单位体制”的改革、以及“社区体制”的建立,对城市社会体育的改革与发展和社区体育的兴起产生了重要的影响。社会转型推动了城市社会体育管理体制由单位体制向社区体制的转变。2、计划经济体制下的城市社会体育管理体制表现为“五线合一”。即政府系统、体总系统、单项体协系统、人群体协系统、行业体协系统五条线,最后都集中指向“单位体育”。城市社区体育的崛起,促进了新的社会体育管理体制的形成,完善了城市社会体育组织管理体制,弥补了社会体育组织管理机构的缺位;降低了社会体育管理重心;加强了社会体育管理力量;减轻了单位的体育负担;推动了体育社会化进程;促进了城市社区建设;为社会体育的普遍化、生活化提供了保证。3、 我国城市居住区分为四大居住地带。居住空间具有以居民个人的经济地位及家庭状况为主导的居住分化不明显,居住空间与就业空间、商业空间和日常娱乐空间重合,新居住地带功能完善程度差异大,单位制与非单位制并存等特点。不同的居住地带构成了传统街坊社区、单位社区、综合社区和边缘社区等四种不同类型的社区,不同类型社区的居民的异质性程度、社区环境和条件、社区管理方式、社区互动频率、社区氛围、社区认同感等均有差异。4、 社区体育管理体制包括政府和社会对社区体育的全方位的管理体系以及基层社区内部的体育管理体制两个层次。社区体育管理体系包括领导体系、协调体系、操作体系三大组成部分,市、区、街道、居委会四个层次。社区体育基层管理具有政府、单位、社区、居民四方共同参与的特点,其管理重心正逐步由街道往社区下沉;其行政性管理的成份在逐步减少,社会管理的成份在递增。初步实现了城市社会体育由“单位体育”为主向“社区体育与单位体育相结合”的转变。 2<WP=3>北京体育大学博士论文 35、 不同类型社区居民的体育参与状况、社区体育场地设施条件、社区体育组织管理者、去收费体育场所的人数比例、社区体育经费来源;社区体育场地设施和体育活动满意度均存在差异。总体表现为综合性社区、单位社区的体育基础条件、经费投入和体育活动状况优于传统街坊社区和边缘社区,综合社区、单位社区的体育场地设施和体育活动的满意度高于其它社区。6、 体育活动点是当前我国城市社区体育的重要组织形式。2000 年与 1996 年比较:居民的体育自主、自管、自理意识增强;大规模的活动点数量增加、小规模活动点的数量减少;武术、秧歌、健身健美操、羽毛球等项目的人数比例明显增加;气功锻炼的人数大幅度减少;经费来自锻炼者会费的活动点数量增长;活动点的前四位困难与 1996 相比少了“缺乏统一管理”,多了“缺少器材”。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social transformation is the general characteristic of today’s Chinese society. The change of the socialstructure is the main contents of the social transformation that involves the complete transformation in all thefields of the society. In present, the profound transformation of the state system and the transformation of thesocial structure make of the social transformation in China. The change of economic system affects thetransformation of the inner structure of the society. On the other hand, the changing of the social innerstructure also promotes the deepening of the transformation of the economic system. The two relate to eachother and advance the establishment of the new system. Social transformation is sure to promote thetransformation of the structure of the governance of sport for all (In the study, “sport for all” refers to the sportof all the people except students and soldiery). This study regards community sport as its main object. It regards social transformation as its researchingcut-in point and uses the ways of literature review, questionnaire, case study, interviewing, on-the-spotinvestigation and mathematical statistics to have a survey. It’s main content consists of the influence of socialtransformation on the development of community sport, the characteristics of the development of “sport ofworking-unit”, the transformation of the structure of the administrative governance of sport for all in urbanplaces, the development of the sport of different communities and the spots where people having exercises,the tendency of the development of community sport and the suggestions given to the development of thecommunity sport. It aims at promoting the reformation of the structure of the administrative governance of thesport for all in urban place, advancing the development of the theory and the practice of the community sport.The main points are below: 1. Social transformation is a specific form of social changes and it is also drives the processing of the social conformation. Transitive, gradual, completive, lasting and complicated are its characteristics. The influence of the system of competition for markets in the transformation of social economic system and social structure, the conversion of the government’s function, the innovation of the governing men of -working-unit and the establishment of community governance that all those have important impact on the development and reformation of the urban sport for all and the springing up of community sport. Social transformation promotes the conversion of the structure of governance of sport for all in urban place from working-unit governance to community governance. 2. Under the planned economy system, the structure of governance of sport for all in urban place are the one combined by five systems: the system of government, the system of the state general administration of sport, the system of the individual sport event federation, the system of the sport federation for a specific group and the system of the sport federation of one industry. All the five parts point to “sport of the working-unit”. The springing up of the community sport not only advances the forming of the new structure of governance of sport for all but also perfects the structure of governance of the sport for all in urban place. At the same time, it reaches the place where it lacks of the governance of the institution of the sport for all, lowers the governance center of sport for all, strengthens the governance of sport for all, lightens the burden of the working-units, drives the processing of socialization of sport, promotes the building of community and ensures the generalization of the sport and that sport becomes one part of residents’ lives. 3. The area of inhabitation in urban place can be divided into four kinds of regions. In today’s time all the inhab更多还原