【作者】 黄竹杭；

【导师】 田麦久；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 在足球运动员竞技能力的构成中,战术能力是重要的组成部分,而战术意识又是战术能力构成中的核心内容。本文揭示了战术意识的形成过程和形成过程的阶段和特征,提出了促进战术意识形成的有效手段,有助于足球战术理论的完善,并可用以指导运动实践。通过研究,本文得出了以下研究成果:1、足球比赛中的战术意识,是足球运动员在比赛中指导战术行为的思维活动,是逐步构建和完善的特殊能力。2、 足球比赛战术意识能力的内容,是由足球运动的专项运动知觉、专项运动注意、专项运动记忆、专项运动决策、足球比赛战术知识和足球运动技能运用等能力内容组合而成。3、足球比赛中战术意识能力的各项内容存在着显著的层次性,表现在足球专项运动知觉、专项运动注意、专项运动记忆和专项运动决策在各自品质水平上的不同层次表现,以及足球战术知识的掌握和足球运动技能的获得过程中所表现出来的层次性特点。4、足球比赛战术意识能力结构的构建过程,是由足球战术知识内容的学习、足球技能练习和积累比赛知识经验三个基本环节所组成。这一过程表现出自身的规律性,即操作性、层次性、阶段性和实效性。5、足球运动员战术行为决策过程的内在步骤,应由四个过程组成:第一步,对场上环境的知觉过程。第二步,对完成目标所需的重要信息进行有意注意并做出判断的过程。第三步,从记忆库中提取已有的经验图式与比赛场景进行比对采取决策的过程。第四步,通过决策采取行动的过程。6、不同年龄段的运动员,在足球比赛战术意识能力发展过程中,存在着不同的发展特征。在安排运动员战术意识训练的内容、练习方法和练习要求时,要依据运动员的年龄特征有所选择。7、本文所研究的结果和训练策略设计,可供各级教练员在足球运动训练实践中参考和选用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sports ability in football matches and its training ,tactical ability plays an important role in a football player’s various abilities with the tactical consciousness as the core of it. This article reveals different periods and characteristics during the forming of tactical consciousness in a football match based on probing of it and also process some effective methods to accelerate the forming of it. as a result , this article can be used as a complementary part to perfect the football theory also serve in training practice. Through research the author gets the following conclusion: (1). The tactical consciousness in football matches is a kind of special ability which built and perfected step by step and also mental activity used to guide the tactical behavior . (2). The ability of tactical consciousness includes: special football abilities of awareness , attention , memory , determination and practice . (3). There are dramatically different levels in the constitutional parts of the tactical consciousness ability which determined by the different levels of the constitutional parts and the undering and acquiring process of football players. (4). The building process of tactical consciousness in a football match consists of 3 basic elements : the study football tactical , the practice of technique and the stimulating of experience . Also this process has it own characteristics: it can be manipulated , leveled ,phrased and practiced .(5). Its inner parts can be separated into four process : First ,the awaring process in the field . Second , the process of observing and determing the important information in order to fulfill aim. Third, the process of the comparison , between memory the real situation . Fourth , the process to tack act .(6) . Different ages of the players can have different developmental characteristics during the tactical consciousness training . So the coach should apply selective ways when arrange the training content , methods and use different demands .(7) .The research and training and tactic design of this article can be reference for all coaches during the football training .更多还原