【作者】 刘晶郁；

【导师】 王毓民；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 交通运输， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 传统的润滑剂绝大多数以矿物油作为基础油，矿物基润滑油在自然环境中可生物降解能力很差，进入环境长期留存和富集，产生一系列环境问题，对人类生态环境和健康构成了威胁。而环境是人类及其他生命赖以生存的基础，特别是近年来，随着工业的快速发展，各种润滑剂的消费量迅猛增长，矿物基润滑油引起环境污染的严重性已不能忽视，绿色润滑材料的研制开发必将成为二十一世纪润滑油的发展方向之一。开发研制绿色润滑油，必须进行绿色润滑油的摩擦学的基础研究，论文通过大量的摩擦试验，对于可作为绿色润滑油基础油的几种植物油摩擦规律、磷系抗磨剂在不同植物油中的摩擦规律进行了系统全面地分析研究，并利用现代表面分析技术对植物油的摩擦作用机理和磷系抗磨剂在植物油中的摩擦作用机理进行了探讨和研究，考察了磷系抗磨剂在植物油中与其它各种添加剂的复配性能。提出了磷酸三苯酯作为绿色润滑油的抗磨极压添加剂，具有较大的应用前景。 分析论述了各类润滑油生物降解的机理及降解能力，揭示出润滑油的结构和组成是决定其生物降解性能的重要因素。通过基础油的比较分析和摩擦学性能试验，提出菜籽油和葵花籽油作为绿色基础油，很有发展潜力。通过现代表面分析技术对磨损表面的分析，认为菜籽油的摩擦作用机理为在低载荷下，在金属表面形成物理吸附；相对高载荷下，酯基等活性基团，在摩擦过程中因外激电子的能量作用而发生摩擦聚合反应，形成摩擦聚酯膜。通过磷系抗磨剂在不同植物油中的摩擦规律及摩擦表面分析研究，得出TBP、TPP和ZDDP可以提高植物油的承载能力及抗磨能力，TPP的摩擦作用效果大于TBP，ZDDP的作用效果又大于TPP；得出了不同负荷、不同摩擦时间、不同加量下，TBP和TPP和ZDDP在菜籽油中的抗磨规律，TBP和TPP在菜籽油中的最佳添加量为1.0％，ZDDP为2.5％；提出了磷酸酯／植物油润滑体系的抗磨与承载作用归因于植物油三甘油脂在钢球表面的物理吸附和化学吸附以及在金属表面发生摩擦聚合反应形成聚酯膜，另外磷酸酯水解、磷与金属表面作用生成磷酸铁等摩擦化学反应产物组成极压边界润滑膜；ZDDP在植物油中的抗磨作用与其热分解有较密切的联系，其热分解的产物一方面形成沉积膜，另一方面在摩擦过程中发生摩擦化学反应，产生了氧化铁、硫酸盐和磷酸盐等组成的聚合膜，ZDDP还会对摩擦副表面进行改性，形成铁锌固溶体，增强其抗磨能。利用神经网络技术，建立出了TPP在菜籽油中磨擦规律的神经网络系统模型。试验分析研究了TPP及ZDDP在菜籽油中与其它各种添加剂的复配性能，TPP与OCP7065、T803B、T152具有较好的复配性能;ZDDP与CuDDP、Tll5A具有较好的复配性能;TPP与TIOZ具有复配减效性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditionally most lubricates is mineral base oil, the biodegradability of mineral base lubricate at nature environment is very poor. As mineral base lubricates remain and collect at environment long time, a serial environment problems will be lead, which threaten human zoology and healthy. Environment is the live base of human and other lives. With the rapid development of industry, especially in recent years, the consumption of various lubricate is increasing promptly, the gravity of environment pollution caused by mineral base oil cannot be neglectful of. It is certainly sure that studying on environment friendly lubricants would be one of the development directions in 21st century. By a lot of tests, the friction regular of several plant oils been taken for environment friendly lubricant base oil and P-antiwear additives are analyzed systemtically and roundly in the paper. By modern surface analysis technology, the friction mechanism of plant oil and P-antiwear additives in plant oil are studied, the compound properties between P-antiwear additives and other additives in plant oil are studied too. It points that taking Tribenzl Phosphate (TPP) as environment friendly lubricant has a great application prospect.The mechanism and the biodegradability of various lubricates are analyzed, it marks that the construction and comprise of lubricate are the main decisive factors of its biodegradability. By comparison to base oil andtribological property tests, it points that taking the rapeseed oil and sunflower oil for environment friendly lubricants has great development potentiality. Analyzing the worn surface by modern surface analysis technology, it reveals that the friction mechanisms of the rapeseed oil are: it forms physical adhesion film on the metal surface at low load, but forms friction polyester film at high load. By analyzing to the friction regular of P-antiwear additives in different plant oils and friction surface, the results are: TBP, TPP and ZDDP may improve plant oil’s load- carrying capacity and antiwear property, TPP has better anti-wear property than TBP, ZDDP has better anti-wear property than TPP. The antiwear regular of TBP, TPP and ZDDP at various load, friction time and additive amount are obtained: TBP and TPP’s optimum additive amount are 1.0% , ZDDP ’s is 2.5%. The reasons of antiwear property and load-carrying capacity of phosphatide/plant oil systems are the plant oil forms physical adhesion film, chemical adhesion film and polyester film reacted with metal on the metal ball surface. In addition, the results of friction reaction such as phosphatide hydrolysis, the resultant phosphoric acid iron-phosphorus reacted with metal surface- ect. ,comprise extreme press critical lubricate film. The antiwear action of ZDDP in plant oil is closely relate to its thermal resolution, on the one hand the thermal resolution product forms deposit film, on the other hand, chemical reaction during friction process results ferric-oxide, sulphate and phosphate which form polymer film. ZDDP can modify the friction surface and form Fe-Zn solid melt which increases the friction surface’santiwear property. A tribological model of tnphenyl phosphate (TPP) acted on rapeseed oil by ANN is established. Compound property between TPP , ZDDP and other additives on rapeseed oil are studiedby test: TPP has good compound property with OCP7065, T803B and T152, ZDDP has good compound property with CuDDP, T115A, TPP has good compound reduction property with T102.更多还原