【作者】 季春峰；

【导师】 向其柏；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 自1790年木犀属建立以来，已经先后发表了近108个名称(含种下分类等级)。本文从形态分类、中国地方植物志中的有关记载、木材解剖学、分子生物学、孢粉学、生理生化等方面系统回顾了本属研究的历史和现状，在以下几个方面开展了研究工作： 1．在查阅大量资料的基础上，系统比较了木犀属Osmanthus与其近缘的Phillyrea、Linociera、Chionanthus、Forrestiera、Olea等属的区别，明确了本属的界限。认为P．S．Green(1958)所确定的将本属分为四组的属内分类系统是合理的。 2．首次利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对于木犀属开展了叶部微形态研究，观察了木犀属15种的叶表微形态，结果表明，本属植物气孔以及腺点主要分布于下表皮上，上表皮未见。本屆植物气孔排列规则而整齐，常为椭圆形或圆形，大小在11.9×16.7μ-27.5×32.5μ之间。气孔外表皮细胞常突出成环状，有时呈复杂的缠绕绳索状。除狭叶木犀O．attenuatus与山桂花O．delavayi外，均具有圆形腺点，腺点外常具有放射状条纹。利用气孔与腺点两者的组合特征可以在组的等级上对木犀属的种类加以区分。微形态研究结果基本上与传统分类结果一致。根据微形态的研究结果编制了木犀属的分种检索表。对于微形态在本属中的应用作了探讨。 3．首次从果实形态出发探讨了木犀属的系统分类，对于木犀属11种1变种果实的初步研究结果表明，本属中的圆锥花序组、木犀组、管花木犀组、离瓣木犀组等四组在果实形态以及大小上存在区别，具有一定的分类学意义。 4．系统讨论了木犀属的形态学特征，其中叶缘、叶脉、花序、花冠、雄蕊等方面的性状是木犀属分类中的主要性状。 5．通过对国内13家主要标本室大量标本的查阅，结合前人的研究资料，确认木犀属现有31种5变种，中国有26种2变种，发现了其中O．minor等8种的新分布，归并了长尾木犀Osmanthus caudatus H．T．Chang与小果木犀O．armatus Diels vat．microcarpa J．L．Liu等2个分类群，系统整理了见于各地标本室的未正式发表的团花桂花O．glomerulata H．W．Li等18个名称，并作为异名列入相应的种类。 6．根据标本记载以及有关资料，列出了详尽的中国木犀属分布一览表，分析了其分布特点。 7．经研究发现桂花O．fragrans在广东、江西、湖南、湖北、安徽、福建、广西、云南、浙江、贵州、西藏等11个省区范围内有野生分布。 8．东亚为木犀属植物的现代分布中心与分化中心。从现有分布格局推断，木犀属植物可能起源于东亚至东南亚的热带与亚热带地区，即中国华南、西南至马来半岛一带。现有4组中具有圆锥花序、总状花序、簇生的聚伞花序3种花序类型，推测花序演化顺序为圆锥花序——总状花序——簇生的聚伞花序。 9．讨论了木犀属植物在园林绿化、工业、食用、药用等方面的经济价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Osmanthus is a genus of the family Oleaceae . Since the establishment of the genus in 1790 , aboutt 108 binomials have been establised in this genus . The article systematically reviews the history and present conditions on the research of the genus . The paper contains these parts as follows :1. Compares the differences between Osmanthus and other related genera, such as Phillyrea , Olea , Linociera , Chionanthus , and Forrestiera , thus makes clear the definition line of this genus .2. With the useage of SEM , leaf surface micromorphology characters of 15 species are studied . The results show that , the stomatas and glandular dots are mainly scattered on the lower surface of leaves . The stomatas are regular organized , usually elliptical or spherical , the sizes among 11.9 x 16.7μ , -27.5 x 32.5μ , largest in O. heterophyllus ( G.. Don . ) P. S . Green , smallest in 0. minor P. S . Green . The surface cells sorrouding the stomatas are ususlly protruding and look like rings , sometimes they are so complicated as twining roups . Except for O. attenuatus P. S. Green and O. delavayi Franch . , all the species have glandular dots , these dots usually have radiate rings . According to the results , the paper gives a key to the species of Osmanthus . Meanmhile, the result is in accordance with those of traditional ones.3. The paper makes a primary research on the fruits of 11 species and 1 varities . Different conditions occurred among different groups.4. The paper wholly discusses the morphological characters of the genus , including branchlet , lamina , leaf margin , venation , inflorescence , calyx , corolla , stamen , fruit and so on . Among all these characters , leaf margin , venation , inflorescence , corolla and stamen are the most important ones .5. On the basis of checking large amounts of specimens , 31 species and 5 varities are recognized in the genus ,26 species and 2 varities distribute in China . Two new synomons and 18 informal published binomials are listed under 11 species respectively .6. A thorough geographical distribution table of 26 Chinese species is given. Hunan, Sichuan and Guangdong are most abundant in the resource of Osmanthus .7. O. fragrans distribute wildly in 11 provinces , Zhejiang , Jiangxi , Fujian , Hunan now have related research papers respectively .8. The genus Osmanthus is thought to origin in tropical areas in East Asia andSoutheast Asia , that is to say , southeastern China to Malay peninsula . Now the 4 sections in these genus have 3 types of inflorescences : paniculate inflorescence, racemose inflorescence and umbellate radicle, the presumably evolution systemis :paniculate inflorescence-racemose inflorescence-umbellate radicle.9. The paper discusses the economic values of this genus . The species are useful in landscape garden , industry , foods and traditional Chinese medicine .更多还原