【作者】 方建勤；

【导师】 彭振斌； 颜荣贵；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 地质工程， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 地下工程开挖灾害灾变规律的研究是其预警系统研究的基础。本文从地下工程开挖灾害宏观破坏特征的调查分析出发，首先明确致灾的主控因素和主控因素耦合体，以灾变规律为研究重点，建立灾害预测的公式体系，为灾害的临灾预报与减灾控灾措施的实施提供理论依据。论文首次将灾变规律研究、灾变信息的监测和减灾控灾措施三者有机地结合起来，建立地下工程开挖灾害预警系统。 岩体各向异性的判别与分类是岩石力学研究的一个重要课题。论文首次运用群论的方法，从岩石材料各向异性类别、岩石材料的弹性对称方向和独立弹性参数的个数三个方面入手，研究了岩石材料各向异性类别的理论判别方法，并建立了横观各向同性的各向异性体和正交类各向异性体的各向异性类别判别体系。 论文分别研究了地下工程开挖所导致的局部地压灾害、开采地表沉陷和系统地压灾害三种基本灾害类型的灾变机制与灾变规律，推导了灾害预测公式体系，并建立了相应的灾害预警系统的研究程式。 在地下工程开挖所导致的局部地压灾害研究中，作者根据穆斯海里什维理复变函数法，推导了不同形状洞室周边重分布应力计算的数学表达式，并绘制了不同部位应力集中系数的分布曲线图。在岩爆灾害研究中，作者采用统计的方法建立了岩爆倾向性预判准则，并从岩爆预警的目的出发，对岩爆进行了分类。对于岩爆临灾预报方法，作者重点论述了岩体声发射技术基本工作原理及其在岩爆即时预报应用中的局限性和发展方向。 在开采影响下地表沉陷灾害预警系统的研究中，作者讨论了随机介质理论概率积分法建立在自重应力场条件下的力学本质和工程应用，指出了其不适用于耦合水平构造应力作用开挖卸载条件下开采沉陷规律的研究。对于不同时空配置的开挖卸载开采沉陷规律的研究，提出了“改化的随机介质”方法及其公式体系；首次系统论述了水平构造应力作用下开挖卸载地表沉陷的力学模型和研究方法，推导了其地表变形预计公式体系，同时从工程实践出发，提出了相应的工程处理方法。首次从空源作用理论出发，建立了岩体疏干的空隙扩散模型，推导了岩体疏干裂隙扩散型地表变形的预计公式体系。 作者首次提出了系统地压灾害的概念，明确了其定义与内涵，并将我国迄今所发生的系统地压灾害划分为三个群次:以冒落矿震的动能释放及其破坏效应为研究重点，建立了采空区顶板冒落矿震所触发的系统地压灾害的静一动一静藕合数值计算方法和公式体系。在采空区顶板冒落矿震动能释放的研究中，定量分析了冒高、岩性以及侧向塌陷对破坏动能的影响;首次在冒落矿震动能释放研究中引入岩体碎胀系数影响因子，并将其具体到计算公式中，建立了更符合工程实际的冒落矿震破坏动能释放公式体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research on cataclysmic law of underground engineering excavating disasters is the basis of research on prewarning system of underground engineering excavating disasters. From analyzing the macroscopic failure characteristic of underground engineering excavating disasters, author cleared the main control factors or couple body of main control factors inducing underground engineering excavating disasters. With the cataclysmic law as key researching point, author established the forecasting formula system of underground engineering excavating disasters and provided the theoretical basis for critical hazard forecasting and adopting control disaster measures. The prewarning system of underground engineering excavating disasters with cataclysmic law, cataclysmic information monitoring and control disaster measures organically combined was primarily established in the thesis.The discrimination and classification of rock aeolotropy is an important problem of rock mechanics research. Using group theory, author researched the theoretical discriminating method of rock aeolotropy types from aeolotropy type of rock, elastic symmetrical direction and the number of independent elastic parameter of rock and established the aeolotropy discriminant criteria of transversely isotropic rock and orthotropic rock first time.The three basic types of disaster induced by underground engineering excavating as partial earth pressure disaster, earth surface depression and systematic earth pressure disaster were researched respectively and its researching forms of prewarning system of disaster were also established in the thesis.In the research on partial earth disaster induced by underground engineering excavating, the mathematical formulas of peripheral secondary earth pressure of various form caves by complex variable function method was developed and the distributing curves of pressure concentration factors were drowned. In the research on rockburst disaster, the discriminant criteria of rockburst tendency were established by statistical method and rockburst wasclassified for the purpose of disaster prewarning. The basis working principle of acoustic emission techniques to rock, limitations and developing direction of application to rockburst forecasting were discussed.In the research on prewarning system of earth surface depression disaster induced by underground engineering excavating, the mechanical essence established on self-weight stress field of Stochastic Medium Theory and it’s engineering application were discussed. Author marked out that Stochastic Medium Theory aren’t suitable for the researching on surface depression due to underground engineering excavating coupling tectonic stress action. To the researching on laws of surface depression of variable space-time allocation excavating, the "changed Stochastic Medium method" and it’s formula system were developed. The mechanic model and researching methods of surface depression due to underground excavating on the action of tectonic stress were systematically researched first time and forecasting formula system of surface subsidence were also developed. For the purpose of engineering application, the engineering treatment method was viewed. From void source action theory, the void space diffusion model of rock dewatering was established and the forecasting formula system of void space diffusion earth surface subsidence resulted from rock dewatering was developed first time in the thesis.In the thesis, the concept, definition and intension of systematic earth pressure disaster were advanced first time, and systematic earth pressure disaster happened in our country were divided into three types. Looking the kinetic energy releasing of mine tremor due to falling-in and it’s destruction as key researching point, author established the static-dynamic-static couple numerical calculation method and formula system of mine tremor due to falling-in. In the research on kinetic energy releasing of mine tremor due to falling-in, the influence to kinetic energy releasing of falli更多还原