【作者】 马志领；

【导师】 高俊刚；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 分析化学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 聚磷酸铵—季戊四醇—三聚氰胺复合阻燃体系，是目前应用最广的IFR。其缺点是使PP的加工性能和力学性能下降。热分析及流变行为研究表明，季戊四醇的熔化温度与聚丙烯的加工温度接近，造成聚丙烯加工过程中料筒打滑。SEM及POM对PP/IFR形态结构表征表明IFR与PP相容性很差，这是造成PP/IFR共混物力学性能下降的主要原因；采用微胶囊化或羧基化聚丙烯(EPP)增容，可以改善二者的相容性，增强力学性能；但不能彻底改善加工性能。因此改变季戊四醇的存在形式，或寻找季戊四醇的替代物是必要的。本文作了如下工作： 1．螺环磷酸酯三聚氰胺盐是将季戊四醇以螺环磷酸酯的形式存在，具有较好的热稳定性，热膨胀性、加工性能及阻燃效果；SEM形态结构研究表明，其与PP相容性差，机械性能降低较明显。 2．磷酸-季戊四醇酯-三聚氰酰胺聚合物，使季戊四醇以磷酸酯的形式存在，只要阻燃剂三要素以适当比例存在，是一种膨胀效果好，具有优良阻燃性能的膨胀型阻燃剂。SEM形态结构分析、流变行为研究表明：酸式磷酸酯、接枝聚丙烯—甲基丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAA)，顺酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)、特别是EPP是PP/IFR体系的优良偶联剂。阻燃性、力学性能测试、SEM形态结构分析、磷元素分布分析及流变行为研究均说明：控制适当的条件，得到分散性、加工性等均优的阻燃PP。 3．SEM、POM、及流变行为表征结果表明：尼龙-6(PA-6)作为碳化剂代替季戊四醇，加入EPP作为增容剂，可有效提高阻燃PP的力学性能，但聚酰胺为链状结构，燃烧温度下交联效果较差，有熔滴现象发生，不利于起阻燃隔热作用的剩炭生成，并保留在着火部位，不能达到垂直燃烧法UL 94 Ⅴ—0级。 4．膨胀型石墨和粘土作为PP/IFR共混物的阻燃协效剂，有望在提高阻燃性能的同时，增强材料的力学性能，是阻燃PP发展的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ammonium polyphosphate (APP)- pentarytheritol(PT) - melamine(M) system was used extensively for a long time in the past. The main problem of preparation of [FR/PP composites is poor process and mechanical properties. Thermoanalysis and flow test results showed that PT ’s melting point is near the same with the blend temperature of IFR/PP system, that made the processibility of IFR/PP system has problems; SEM and POM morphology analysis proved the incompatibility of IFR filler and PP matrix, these were the main reasons to made the performance of PP/IFR composite decreased. Compatibility of IFR with matrix PP were improved by tnicroencapsulated IFR or use carboxyl PP (EPP) as coupling agent, but the processibility can’t solved completely. So replacing PT or change it’s form is necessary.our work as follow:1. Spirocyclic pentaerythratol-di (phosphoric acid mono melamine salt), had high thermostability, intumescent properties, good prcessibility and fire retardance; here PT in form of spirocyclic phosphoric ester, SEM proved that because of incompatibility, the PP/IFR composite had poor mechanical properties.2. The phosphoric acid - pentaerythritol - melamine copolymer, PT in form of phosphoric ester, just the three main components of IFR coexist at suitable proportion, it has good flame retardancy. The results obtained from mechanical tests, SEM morphology analysis and Flow test showed that phosphate ester acid and functionalized PP such as meleated PP, a-Methylacrylic Acid grafted PP , especially EPP was true coupling agents for IFR/PP blends, but not changing the necessary flame retardancy. All result come from flame retardancy test, mechanical properties test, SEM morphology analysis, phosphorus dispersion of section plane of PP / IFR showed: if cortrol proper condition, can obtain PP/IFR that have good processibility and dispersed uniformity.3. SEM, POM morphology analysis and flow test results showed that nylon-6 replaced PT, EPP as coupling agent, can increased mechanical properties of PP/IFR composite; but polyamide is catenulate, at combustion temperature it dripping and the intercourse reaction not easy, went against the intumescent char forming, can’t obtain UL 94 V-0 PP/IFR..4. Intumescent graphite and nano-clay cooperate with IFR, hopeful to increase fire retardance, meantime increase mechanical properties of PP/IFR composite, is the direction of fire retardant PP development.更多还原