【作者】 郎有忠；

【导师】 朱庆森； 杨建昌；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 第一部分 卷叶性状生理生态效应的研究 试验所用材料为3组：（1）一组回交10代的遗传背景为珍汕97B的卷叶近等基因系，该卷叶特性以单基因不完全显性方式遗传，三个近等基因系叶型分别为展叶、卷叶和半卷叶（2）上述珍汕97B的卷叶系、展叶系分别与明恢63配制的杂交F₁，亦即叶型分别为展叶、半卷叶的杂交稻组合汕优63，以及（3）同样的卷叶珍汕97B卷叶、展叶系分别与叶长、叶宽均较大的6078配组所得叶型分别为展叶、半卷叶的杂种F₁。利用上述材料进行栽培密度试验，对其叶片姿态、群体结构、光合特性、物质生产以及产量特点形成进行比较分析，结果表明： 1．卷叶性状可显著降低叶片的披垂程度，在卷曲率1.5以下，叶片披垂度随卷曲程度的增加而减小。 2．叶片卷曲可大幅度减少叶片投影面积，减轻上部叶片对群体下层的遮荫。 3．卷叶叶片由于受光面积减少，使其在一天大部分光照强度下单叶光合均小于平展叶片，卷曲程度越高，光合速率下降幅度越大。 4．卷叶性状可显著改善水稻群体下层透光状况，使消光系数下降，群体结构得到优化。 5．叶片适度卷曲的水稻群体，在中、高群体生长量（LAI＞6）条件下，其群体光合速率、物质生产等方面均高于平展叶群体，从而获得较高的产量。叶片卷曲程度大、群体生长量小，均不利用高产的形成。 第二部分 亚种间杂交稻根系形态生理特征的研究 试验以亚种间杂交稻PC311／早献党18、测03／扬稻4号及其亲本和亚种内杂交稻汕优63为材料，分析了亚种间杂交稻抽穗及抽穗以后根系形态及生理特特点，并重点研究了结实期根系代谢活性对地上部光合生产及籽粒灌浆充实的影响，主要结果如下： 1．亚种间杂交稻抽穗期根系形态具较强的优势，具体表现在上、下层根根干重、根吸收总面积及根系活跃吸收面积明显高于亲本平均值和对照；上层根不定根粗度、不定根上发生的分枝根数量也同样具有强大的超亲或超标优势；亚种间更多还原

【Abstract】 Part1Physyological and Ecological Effects of Rolled Leaf Character in RiceThree sets of Near Isogenic Lines (NILs), the first set is formed from three Zhenshan 97B lines with different leaf rolling rate, the second is composed of rolled leaf Zhenshan97B/Minghui 63 and flat leaf Zhenshan97B/Minghui 63, and the third, rolled leaf Zhenshan97B/6078 and flat leaf Zhenshan97B/6078, were used to investigate physiological and ecological effects of rolled leaf character, the results showed that, rolled leaf character decreased drooping degree and projection area of leaf significantly, thus increased percentage of leaf area in upper leaf layer, and optimized canopy light transmission and extinction indecies; on the other hand, roll leaf populations had lower panicle number and LAI, however, these disadvantages could be overcome at a relatively high density; The photosynthetic rate in obverse side of rolled leaf was lower than that of flat leaf, while in reverse side, the results reversed. Degrading rate of Leaf chlorophyll content was lower in roll leaf population than that of flat leaf. Canopy photosynthetic rate, dry mass and yield in rolled leaf population were relatively lower at low density, but at high density, rolled leaf populations could overtake and surpass flat leaf ones.更多还原