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原子-腔-场系统中的量子信息动力学特性研究

Study on the Properties of Quantum Information Dynamics Within Atoms-Cavities-fields System

【作者】 赖振讲

【导师】 侯洵;

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 , 光学, 2004, 博士

【摘要】 本文分析了目前量子信息学领域中有关腔量子电动力学系统的研究现状,总结了利用“原子-腔-场”进行量子态的制备以及实现量子门操作的理论和实验研究成果。根据腔量子电动力学的基本原理和“原子-腔-场”系统相互作用的机理和基本特征,进一步提出了“多个原子-多个腔-多模场”相互作用系统的集合模型,并在此基础上,用量子信息学的观点从理论上详细研究了“多个原子-多个腔-多模场”相互作用系统中量子信息动力学特性,由此揭示出一系列全新的物理现象。 1、提出了“多个原子-多个腔-多模场”相互作用系统的集合模型,发现了由“多个原子-多个腔-多模场”组成的物理系统中量子信息的传递规律。即:对于由最低两个Fock 态|0>和|1>的任意组合和线性叠加所组成的光量子态腔场,当处于基态的原子以特定的运动速度通过腔时,原子能够将腔中光场的量子态所含量子信息捡起,并完全据为己有;反之,对于由两能级原子的基态|g>和激发态|e>的任意组合和线性叠加组成的原子体系的量子态而言,当原子以特定的速度通过处于真空态的腔时,原子都能把携带的量子态所含的量子信息释放于腔中,并为腔场所拥有。这样便实现了腔-原子之间的信息交换。利用原子能够捡起、释放量子信息这一特点,进一步证明了把原子作为运输工具实现腔-腔之间异地量子信息的传递。 2、利用依赖于强度耦合的J-C模型,并把他推广到两个原子、两个腔和两模场组成的相互作用系统中,研究了原子与腔场之间量子纠缠态的相互转换规律。结果发现:通过控制原子与腔场之间相互作用时间,并对原子的状态进行测量,两原子的最大量子纠缠态可以转换为类奇-偶双模相干态光场的最大纠缠态;反之,处于最大纠缠的两模类奇-偶相干态光场通过与原子相互作用,并控制其相互作用时间,也可以转换为两原子的最大纠缠态。 3、研究了“多个原子-多个腔-多模场”相互作用系统中,由真空态和单光子态组成的多量子位叠加态腔场的量子隐形传送过程,其中包括非纠缠纯态及纠缠态的量子隐形传送问题。重点讨论了通过原子与腔场的色散相互作用实现了腔场的非破坏测量,又通过原子与腔场共振相互作用实现腔场态与原子态的交换,最终通过多原子束分布式测量,找到了通过测量原子的状态鉴别多量子位腔场Bell态的新方法。 4、利用多模压缩态理论,通过数值计算研究了高Q Kerr介质腔中非关联双模相干态光场与v型三能级原子相互作用系统中双模光场的和压缩效应,绘出了两模和压缩度的第一j一卜交相位分量Shl、、第二正交相位分量ShZ,的时间演化曲线。其中包括等阶(i=j’)和不等阶(i井j’)和压缩两种情况。研究表明,Kerr介质的存在和嵌放在介质中的V型三能级原子以及腔中的光场和原子发生光子交换是产生双模光场和压缩效应的必备条件,其压缩度的大小强烈地依赖于三阶非线性极化系数x和双模光场中各模的平均光子数(n.>,(n2>,在不考虑坐标标度的情况下,其演化曲线的结构都非常相似:即崩坍一复原一凹谷式结构,且复原区的波型振荡次数及凹谷区的振荡下降和振荡上升型式一样,在x以及(n;>,(n2>不变的条件下,和压缩度时间演化曲线的崩坍一复原时间随压缩阶次的升高而缩短,压缩度随压缩阶数,特别是两模幂次差的升高而迅速下降。在平均光子不变(即(n,>,(n2>恒定),但Kerr介质不同(、即刃变化)的条件下,和压缩度曲线崩坍时间随Kerr介质的三阶非线性极化系数x的增加而缩短,幅度则不受Kerr介质的三阶非线性极化系数变化的影响。和压缩效应的持续时lYj等强烈地依赖于Kerr介质的非线性程度,x越大不等阶和压缩效应持续时间就越短。和压缩度演化曲线币向幅度随平均光子数的增大而增大,负向幅度(出现压缩)则随平均光子数的增加而减小. 5、研究了“多个原子一多个腔一多模场”相互作用系统中原子态的对称性和原子的对称态,并以“两个原子一两个腔一两模场”相互作用系统和“三个原子一三个腔一三模场”相互作用系统为例进行了系统的研究,找到了三原子Dick态空间到三原子对称态空间的变换知阵。如果在原子对称态空间中研究“三个原子一三个腔一三模场”相互作用系统,发现三模光场可以组合出巧种模式的腔场态分别与三原子的8种状态相互作用,绘出了三原子一腔系统中原子的对称态与腔场相互作用的图形,通过数值计算绘出了三原子对称态及 Dick态的布居概率的时间演化曲线,并发现了能级布居概率时间演化曲线的一些新的演化规律和新的线型结构。 6、研究了非关联双模相干态光场分别与A和三型三能级原子相互作用过程中场的纠缠特性,给出了两模光场分别与A和三型三能级原子相互作用过程中两模光场之间纠缠度的理沦描述,结果发现在两模光场与三能级原子相互作用过程中两模光场之间出现间断的纠缠和解纠缠现象,且随着光场强度的增加两模光场之间纠缠持续的时间变短。 总之,用量子信息学的观点对原子腔系统进行了初步研究,本文只是一次新的初步尝试,由于原子内部结构的多样性及光场与原子相互作用方式的丰富性,决定了本课题的研究还有大量的工作要做。

【Abstract】 In this thesis, the present situation of cavity quantum electrodynamics in the field of quantum information has been analyzed, and the conclusions, in the theory and experiments on the preparing the quantum states by using the atoms interacting with cavity fields, is summarized. According to the basic principle of cavity quantum electrodynamics and the peculiarity of the atoms and cavities, a model of multi-atoms and cavities has been proposed and the physical process transmitting quantum information in the system is studied and some new physical phenomena have been discovered and discussed.Following is the main achievements:1 , A novel way of transmitting quantum information has been discovered in a multi-cavity-atom physical system. In this system, atoms can pick up the quantum information stored in the state of the cavity field and carry it out of the cavities in which there is a quantumstate that consists of the lowest two Fock states | 0) and |1) arbitrarily when the atoms, whichall are initially in ground states, cross the cavities with a controlled speed. On the other hand, the atoms can release the quantum information into the cavities when the atoms are in the state thatconsists of the ground states | g) and excited | e) arbitrarily and after the atoms cross thecavities. By this means, one can realize the information exchange between cavities and atoms. We also discussed the information transfer between two sets of cavities through the atomic macroscopic motion and the twice passage of the cavities.2, From the viewpoint of quantum information theory, a multi-atom and multi-cavity system, the interaction between the atoms and the fields in the cavities is described by the intensity dependent coupling J-C model, was investigated. It has been discovered that the atomic maximal entangled state can be transformed into the maximal odd-even-like coherent entangled state, whereas the maximal odd-even-like coherent entangled state can be transformed into the atomic maximal entangled state. The swapping between the continuous and discrete variable entangled states has been realized.3, A physical process, in which one bit or many bits cavity-field states are teleported, is studied. The cavity-field state consists of vacuum and a photon, including disentangled pure and entangled state. In this section, a key technologic, the multi-atom beams distributed detection method by resonant atom-cavity interaction when atoms cross the cavities, is presented to readout the cavity-field Bell states via measuring the atomic states and also needs using an atom crosses the two cavities by non-resonant atom-cavity interaction in order to realize a non-demolition measurement in advance.4, According to the theory of multi-mode squeezed states in references 10-13, we had studied in detail the sum-squeezing effects of the fields in the system of two-mode non-correlated coherent state light field interacted with the V-type three-level atom in the higher-Q Kerr medium cavity. The result indicates that, Sum-squeezing effects depend intensely on the Kerr nonlinear coefficients (x) and the average number of photons <n1>and <n2> when x<1,

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 西北大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2004年 04期
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