【作者】 艾亮辉；

【导师】 吴次芳；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 土壤学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 我国人均耕地少，后备资源不足，且多分布在生态脆弱区。随着工业化和城市化的快速发展，耕地锐减，土地质量退化加剧，土地生态环境更加脆弱，人地矛盾不断尖锐。据土地利用现状调查，我国田坎、沟渠、田间道路分别是土地利用中等集约水平国家的2倍、2.5倍和3倍以上，通过对田、水、路、林、村综合整治，增加耕地的潜力在533.3万公顷以上。针对我国土地利用的这种现状，国家不断加大土地整理的投资力度，仅2001至2003年，国家预算投入的土地整理资金就超过50亿元，各级地方政府也不断加大投资力度，在本行政区域内推进土地整理实践。 但是，国家和地方的巨额财力、人力、物力的投入，是否达到土地整理预期的目标，在多大程度上缓解了我国人地矛盾，提高了土地生产能力，提高了农民的收入等一系列问题，都必须在开展土地整理项目后评价的基础上，进行判断与回答。开展土地整理项目后评价研究，有利于找出土地整理实践中存在的问题与不足，促使项目最大程度地实现预期目标，提高土地整理决策水平，实现对项目实施的监督和考核，并最终保证土地整理事业的可持续发展。 土地整理投资项目后评价属于政府投融资的基础性项目后评价，与其他类型项目后评价比较，土地整理项目后评价在评价目标、内容、方法等方面有其固有特性。本研究以土地整理项目的性质与特点为基础，构建了土地整理项目后评价的框架体系。具体研究内容及结论如下： (1)．研究了土地整理项目后评价的内涵、特点、定位及其与相关项目后评价的关系。在分析国内外土地整理及相关项目后评价研究成果的基础上，归纳了国内外项目后评价发展的趋势及对我国土地整理项目后评价的启示，明确了我国土地整理项目后评价的发展方向。 (2)．在总结已有的土地生产能力评价研究成果的基础上，界定了土地整理项目生产能力后评价的内涵，分析了影响土地整理项目生产能力变化的因素，构建了土地整理项目生产能力后评价的指标体系，并应用指数评价和因素分析方法，评价得出了因土地整理项目的实施，使樟新公路东畈项目的生产能力指数由100提高至241.7。其中，因土地整理实施改良了项目区农业生产条件，使项目生产能力增加了104.7%，因土地整理项目实施新增有效耕地面积，使项目生产能力提高了40%。 (3).构建了土地整理项目经济后评价的指标体系，研究了项目财务收入与成本、经济效益与费用的识别方法，并应用报表调整与指标差异分析方法，评价了樟新公路东贩土地整理项目的经济效益。结果表明，项目实际的财务内部报酬率比预期提高了30.5%。其中，项目投资额的超预算使内部报酬率下降了2.0%，农产品成本提高使内部报酬率下降了2.2%，产品产量增加使内部报酬率上升了30.0%，农产品销售价格提高使内部报酬率上升了4.7%。 (4).在外部效益理论的支持下，分析了土地整理项目影响后评价的内容构成，构建土地整理项目影响后评价的指标体系，探讨了规范性指标计算和描述性指标量化的方法，并应用模糊综合评价方法对项目进行实证评价。结果表明，樟新公路东贩土地整理项目实施的外部影响效果属于m一W级的隶属度为0.73。其中，项目实施对社会经济影响属于IV一V级的隶属度为0.59，对生态环境影响属于I一n级的隶属度为0.58，对景观影响属于n一m级的隶属度为0.59，对资源影响属于m一W级的隶属度为0.97。 (5).以复杂系统理论为基础，分析了土地整理项目可持续性后评价的内涵及内容，构建土地整理投资项目可持续性后评价的指标体系，并应用逻辑框架法，评价得出樟新公路东贩土地整理项目建设、经营管理比较成功，在规划的经济寿命期内具有可持续性，且具备再投资建设的可行性。 (6).研究了易于推广和管理的土地整理项目后评价报告撰写的要求、内容及格式。根据现代组织理论，研究了适合推广的土地整理投资项目后评价的组织方式，探讨了开展土地整理项目后评价工作需要建立、完善的机构及反馈机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is a country of low average farmland and limited farmland reserve, and the farmland is distributed mainly in the ecological sensitive regions. With the increasing pace of industrialization and urbanization, the farmland area is sharply decreasing, the land degradation is getting more serious, and the ecological environment of land is getting worse. The Human-Land conflict keeps intensifying. While according to the investigation of current land use, the land taken used for ditches and field rods are respectively twice, 2.5 times and 3 times of the area in counties that has the middle land compacting level. 5.33 million ha more farmland is supposed to be obtained by consolidating the field, water, road, woods, and villages. Under this situation, the government has greatly increased the investment in land consolidation. Merely from 2001 to 2003, the government budget capital in land consolidation has exceeded 5 billion Yuan. And each local government also input great deal of capital and energy in land consolidation of their regions.However, whether the substantial input in land consolidation has attained the anticipated aims? To what extent has it relieve the Human-Land conflict? How much has it increase the land productivity and the farmers’ income? All these questions could only be answered on the basis of the ex post evaluation of land consolidation investment projects. To carry out the ex post evaluation helps to find out the problems and deficiency in land consolidation, to realize the anticipated aims of the projects to the largest extent, to increase the level of decisions, to inspect and examine the implement of projects, and to ensure the sustainable development of land consolidation work.The Land Consolidation Investment Project (LCIP) is a kind of basic project funded by government. Comparing with other types of project evaluation, the ex post evaluation of Land Consolidation Investment Project (LCIP) has its own feature with respect to thepurpose, content, and methods. This study established the framework of the ex post evaluation of LCIP on the basis of the characters and peculiarities of land consolidation project. The content and conclusion of the study is as follows:(1) Studied the connotation, character, and position of ex post evaluation in land consolidation projects and the relationship between land consolidation projects ex post evaluation and other related project ex post evaluation. After analyzing the domestic and overseas research works on the ex post evaluation of land consolidation and other related project ex post evaluation, conclude the development trend of projects ex post evaluation and its illumination towards the ex post evaluation of land consolidation projects in our country, and point out the development direction of the ex post evaluation of the land consolidation projects in our country.(2) After summing up the existing research on the land productivity evaluation, identified the connotation of the productivity ex post evaluation of land consolidation project; Analyzed the factors that influence the productivity of land consolidation projects; established the index system of productivity ex post evaluation of land consolidation projects. And, using index evaluation method and factor analysis method, concluded that the productivity index of the Zhangxin road Dongban project had been enhanced from 100 to 241.7 by carrying out the land consolidation project. In which, the improvement of agricultural production conditions in the project area contribute 104.7% to the productivity increase; and the farmland increase through land consolidation contribute 40%.(3) Established the index system of the economic ex post evaluation of land consolidation project. Studied the method to identify the financial income and cost, economic benefit and expense of the land consolidation project. Evaluated the economic benefit of the Zhangxin road Dongban project using statement adjustment and index difference analyzing methods. The result is that the real financial Interna更多还原