中国古代文学地理形态与演变

【作者】 梅新林；

【导师】 孙逊；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 本文旨在通过文学与地理的跨学科研究，力求达到揭示中国古代文学地理的表现形态与演变规律，以及建构中国古代文学地理研究的学术体系，推进中国古代文学研究的学术创新之目的。 全文由导论和五个章节内容所组成。在导论中，首先提出了“场景还原”与“版图复原”的“二原”说，作为本文研究的理论支点，然后就“选题缘起与宗旨”、“学科回顾与评价”、“研究理路与方法”三个方面的问题作了简要的阐述。鉴于目前有关中国文学地理研究领域中存在的两大突出问题：系统的整体研究与学术体系建构的缺失，本文根据从静态到动态，从平面到立体，从单向到多元研究的学术理路，紧紧围绕决定和影响中国古代文学地理最为关键的五大要素，以文学家籍贯分布为始点，然后依次向流域轴线、城市轴心、文人流向三个层面展开，最后归结为区系轮动模型与规律的探讨。这如同一个哑铃结构，文学家的籍贯分布是整个文学地理的基础，但它是静态的、平面的、单向的，与此相对应的区系轮动则是动态的、立体的、多元的，而中间最重要的三个环节分别相当于“动脉”、“心脏”、“灵魂”的作用与功能。 本文认为黄河、长江、珠江、运河四大流域轴线三横一纵的展开，犹如四大动脉贯通于中国文学版图之上，彼此在伴随中国文学地理自西北向东南的依次移位中相继发挥主导作用。由于黄河、长江、珠江、运河四大流域在中国地理上的重要地位，中国古代城市也主要分布在这四大流域轴线上，流域轴线为城市轴心的形成提供了地理条件，而城市轴心的转换又带动着流域轴线的移动，彼此连为一体，密不可分。与此同时，城市轴心也在通过行政建置的设立与调整中，推进流域轴线体系的完善与轴心功能的发挥，成为中国文学地理版图的“心脏”所在——不仅城市本身成为最活跃、最重要的文学活动舞台，而且也是进一步驱动文学版图演变的核心动力。其中始于西周首陪都制所开创的“双都轴心”源远流长，别具一格，是城市轴心体系中的核心所在。与流域轴线和城市轴心互动相对应的是，作为文学活动与创作主体的文人群体始终处于流动之中。其中最重要的有八种方式，四对关系，即授业与求学的同向流动；出仕与隐逸的逆向流动；升擢与流贬的逆向流动；游历与迁居的异向流动。由此分别构成授受、出处、黜陟、动静关系。然后通过这八种方式，四种关系，不断在极化与扩散的两向互动中打破旧的平衡，建立新的平衡。对于中国古代文学地理而言，文人群体犹如其“灵魂”，主要在于文人群体的流向随时都在改变着而又最终决定着古代文学版图的整体格局。文中最后是对文学地理区系轮动的动态模型与规律的探讨:归结为八大文学区系，五次循环运动，这是中国古代文学始于文学家籍贯地域，中经流域轴线之“动脉”，城市轴心之“心脏”，文人流向之“灵魂”三个关键环节的衔接与互动而逐步形成的最终结果。 本文在研究方法上，综合运用数据统计、逻辑推绎、时空还原以及交叉综合等方法，以更好地适应与配合中国古代文学地理研究学术体系的建构与展开。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation, with a cross-subject study on the literature geography, tries to reveal the manifestation and the rules of transmutation of the Ancient Chinese Literature Geography, and the academic system of the studies on the Ancient Chinese Literature Geography.The dissertation consists of a brief introduction and five chapters. In the brief introduction, the author brought out a theory called "two restores", i.e. " landscape restore" and "territory restore". With this as a theoretical base for the study, the author then made a brief exposition to the three aspects, such as ’reasons and aims of the topic selection’, ’review and assessment of the subject’ and ’theory and methods of the study’. Because of the two currently conspicuous problems in the study of the Chinese Literature Geography, such as a lack of an overall study on the system and of structure of academic system, the dissertation, with an academic theory from a static to a dynamic, from a plane to a three-dimension and from a single-way to a pluralistic study, focuses on the five key links which determined and influenced the Ancient Chinese Literature Geography. Beginning with the distribution of native places of writers, it develops into the three levels from the river axes to city centers and to the directions of the flow of writers. At last it comes to a conclusion ofenquiry into a rotating models and rules of regions. Just like a dumbbell structure, the distribution of native places of writers is a basis of the whole literature geography which is a static, plane and single-way. However, the region rotating model is a dynamic, three-dimensional and pluralistic one. The most important three links between them each plays a function analogous to one by ’an artery’, ’a heart’ and ’a soul’.The author thinks that the four key river axes of the Yellow River, the Changjiang River, the Zhujiang River an the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal spread out, with one from north to south and three from west to east, as if there are four big arteries to be linked up in the landscape of the Chinese Literature, which, one after another, played a key role in moving together with the Chinese Literature Geography form the northwest to the southeast. With the four rivers lying in the important places in the Chinese geography, the ancient Chinese cities were distributed mainly over these four key river axes, which provided a geographic condition to the form of city centers. The changes of the city centers helped to move the river axes. They were both connected together and were inseparable. At the same time, with the founding and adjustment of administrative organizational system, the city centers gave an impetus to the improvement of the system of river axes and to the elaboration of the axis function, and then became ’the heart’ in the landscape of Chineseliterature - the cities not only themselves became the most dynamic and important arena for the literature activities, but also became the central power to further motivate the evolution of literature landscape. The ’double-capital center’ developed in the Western Zhou Dynasty, with a long history and a unique style, was the core of the system of city centers. Corresponding to the river axes and city centers, the groups of writers, as the main body of literature activities and writing, were on the move all the time. Within it there were 8 most important moving ways and 4 kinds of relationships, which are the moves in same direction between teaching and learning, the moves in an opposite direction between taking up an official post and living as a hermit, the moves in an opposite direction between promotion and demotion, and the moves in different directions between traveling and removing. With the moves there came four kinds of relationships between teaching and learning; living as an official and as a hermit; promotion and demotion; and between static and dynamic state. With these 8 moving ways and 4 static relationships, the old balances were broken in the continuously polarized and extended two-side mo更多还原