【作者】 陈祖海；

【导师】 姜学民；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 水资源是人类生存和社会经济发展的重要物质基础，也是重要的环境资源。水危机已严重影响人们生活，损害人类健康，阻碍经济发展，危及人类自身生存与发展。过低的水价是引起水危机的主要原因之一。因此，现实的抉择必须将水资源纳入市场，用经济激励优化配置水资源。 本文以可持续发展为指导思想，针对传统资源价格理论的缺陷，分析社会主义市场经济条件下水资源价格理论基础，运用多种价格理论及微(宏)观经济的有关理论，采取比较分析、规范分析与实证分析相结合的方法，对水资源价格问题进行探讨，以期建立适合我国国情的水资源价格体系及定价方法。 本文的主要内容：首先，从水资源的自然分布特点出发，分析全球、中国水资源的供需状况，表明水资源的供求矛盾日益突出，水资源短缺、水资源污染和地下水超采是当前水资源开发利用存在的主要问题。接着分析我国水价现状、问题及原因，探讨了补贴影响及水资源产权局限，指出水价过低、产权不明是水资源管理缺乏效率的原因，提出了水价制定原则。然后，在马克思主义资源价格理论与西方经济学资源价格理论的比较研究基础之上，着重讨论了水资源价值的内涵，指出水资源具有经济价值、社会价值、生态价值和景观价值，强调生态价值的重要性；水资源价格应反映资源的社会成本，并详细论述了使用者成本概念及在水价中的意义。第四章对污水来源、污水控制及外部效应(污水损害)进行了系统研究，指出水污染作为生产与消费活动的副产品和作为技术外部性在水资源定价中占有重要位置，水价必须将水量与水质完整地整合在统一体中。第五章重点论述边际机会成本定价模型在水资源定价中的应用，与此同时，对构成要素即边际生产者成本、边际使用者成本、边际环境成本进行了估算和评价；并以赤壁市水价为例，分析边际机会成本定价模型的准确性及可操作性。最后提出水价的公共政策并强调注重效率、公平与权益，即水价制定要有利于人口、经济、资源与环境之间的协调、稳定均衡的可持续发展。 本文结论：(1)充分认识水资源的经济价值。水资源作为公共资源，我们要从观念上把水资源当作一种经济物品而非自由物品，植根于我们的社会文化传统；在经济生活中把水资源作为一种生产要素，计入生产成本。(2)补贴使价格不能准确地传达资源稀缺、生产成本和消费成本的真实信号，以致资源配置缺乏效率，导致资源过量消耗、生态破坏。当务之急是减少和取消补贴。(3)产权明晰、水权交易是水资源走向市场的必然。由于水资源的流动性(开放性资源)使得水权难以明晰，实行资源流域管理一体化、水利工程投资多元化、环境资源保护产业化为水资源产 博士论文水资源价格问题研究权明晰提供了一种思路。(4)随着环境资源的相对稀缺，人们对生态价值的认识和对环境的支付意愿越来越高。(5)水资源定价应重视资源在不同世代的开发利用，考虑使用者成本。使用者成本主要涉及资源财富在不同时期、不同世代之间分配。使用者成本在有效配置下以r的比率增长，以使资源分配在现在和未来之间保持均衡。(6)污水作为技术外部性普遍存在于经济生活中，它也是影响水质的重要因素。水污染在水资源定价中占有重要位置;水价必须将水量与水质完整地整合在统一体中。(7)以边际机会成本定价，考虑资源的代际分配和环境成本内部化，符合可持续发展目标。(8)水价政策还必须与产权制度创新、技术创新、法律制度的健全同步进行，这样才能保证水资源持续利用、永续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is essential for human being, economic activities, and important environmental resources as well. Water crisis endangers the survival and development of the human itself, by affecting the daily life, injuring the health, and hindering the economic development. Severe underpricing of water is one of the main reasons to cause the crisis. Resources, environment and development become the theme of the world’s economic development today. It has been paid much attention to allocate water resources by means of market mechanism.This paper dissertated water resources price by taking the sustainable development as the guideline. Firstly, it, based on the natural distribution characteristic of water resources and status of supply and demand of water, analyzed the present situation of water pricing, problems existing, and their reasons, discussed the effect of subsidy policy and the limitation of the property of water, and then put foreward principles for water pricing. Secondly, it stressed on the connotation of water resources value, pointed out that water resources has the economic value, social value, ecological value and scenic value, and further stressed the importance of ecological value, after finishing the comparion study of the theories of resource pricing between the Marxism and the modern economics. Thirdly, having finished the study of the polluted water soure, polluted water control and its external effect, it listed a concrete method for the calculating externality. Fourthly, it discussed the application of the model marginal opportunity cost (MOC) on water pricing, and at the same time, it estimated the composing elements: marginal production cost (MFC), marginal user cost (MUC), and marginal environmental cost (MEC), and then evaluated the feasibility of the model, taking the water pricing of Chibi city as the example. Finally, it brought forward the public policy of water pricing, and emphasized the efficency, justice, and equity, namely water pricing should be benefical to the coordinating, stable, balanced sustainable development between population, economy, resource and environment.The paper strongly emphasized that, a public resources as water is, the economic value of water resources should be recongnized, and what’ s more, it should be rooted in our social and cultural tradition. Therefore, as a production factor, water expense should be added into the production cost in economic activities. It is necessary to eliminate subsidy, price on the marginal opportunity cost, pay attention to distribution of water between generations and the internalization of the environment cost. And water policy should be correspound with the renovation of property system, technical renovation, and law system, and then the sustainable development can be ensured.更多还原