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中国农村贫困地区妇女生殖健康的影响因素分析

【作者】 高梦滔

【导师】 朱玲;

【作者基本信息】 中国社会科学院研究生院 , 政治经济学, 2003, 博士

【摘要】 获得良好的健康状况和减轻贫困,是人类社会发展两个重要目标。但是健康状况不仅仅是一个医学上的问题,健康和收入之间有着紧密的联系。一般而言,贫困人群的健康状况比非贫困人群差,贫困人群面临的健康风险要高于非贫困人群。但也不乏低收入国家成功改善人民健康的例子,中华人民共和国成立以来,曾经在较低收入水平的情况下,借助于良好的健康风险管理体系,成功地提高了人民的健康水平,在广大农村地区的卫生保健事业上取得了令人瞩目的成就。发展经济学家曾把中国视为低收入水平国家发展公共卫生事业的典范。 但是经济转型以来伴随着农民收入的提高,贫困农户的健康状况却未见显著改善,尤其妇女和婴儿本身就具有健康方面的脆弱性,特别是与怀孕及生育行为相联系的生殖健康风险直接威胁到妇女和婴儿的生命。健康的风险人人都会有,关键在于如何减轻健康风险带来的冲击。我国在建国初期农村母婴健康水平改善的主要原因之一就是拥有以三级保健网为代表的良好的风险管理机制,从而降低了母婴健康风险。本文从减轻贫困和人力资本投资这个角度出发,目的是探讨和提出现阶段中国农村贫困地区的妇女和儿童(主要集中在婴儿和新生儿)与生殖健康有关的风险管理战略。其主要意义在于:第一、现阶段因病致贫已经成为贫困农户致贫的主要原因之一,因此减轻母婴健康风险是中国反贫困战略的重要组成部分;第二、良好的健康状况可以提高个人的生产率,以此提高我国的经济增长率,因此投资于健康是加速发展的一种方式。并且改善人民健康本身就是发展的目标之一。 国内的经济学界尚缺乏对于健康问题必要的关注,尤其是健康经济学对于国内的经济学研究者还比较陌生,特别是缺乏基于个体健康测度的经验研究成果。本文主要采用规范的健康经济学研究框架,运用实证研究的经济计量方法对经验数据加以处理,并结合田野调查以及制度分析的方法对于现阶段中国农村贫困地区的妇女生殖健康状况进行测度,并在此基础上对妇女生殖健康风险的影响因素加以分析。 本文所使用的数据集有两个,分别是:“1997年全国人口与生殖健康调查”数据集和“1992年中国儿童健康状况调查”数据集。本文主要使用经济计量学研究方法对母婴的生殖健康风险的影响因素和生殖健康服务需求的影响因素加以测算;使用描述统计结合定性分析对母婴健康风险管理制度加以分析。具体包括:(1)、构建妇女生殖健康的测度指数,并对妇女生殖健康的决定因素加以测算。(2)、对妇女生殖健康的保健和治疗服务的需求函数加以测算。(3)、使用两阶段回归对新生儿的健康投入需求和新生儿健康影响因素加以测算。(4)、应用描述统计和比较研究对现有的农村妇幼保健服务供给体系存在的问题加以分析。 本文共6章。第1章绪论,提出本研究的中心问题,研究步骤。第2章提出本文研究的概念框架和对前人研究成果的评析。第3章农村贫困地区妇女生殖健康风险的影响因素分析,通过建构农村贫困地区的妇女生殖健康测度指数,并估计妇女生殖健康的生产函数,以发现影响生殖健康风险的因素,特别是贫困与生殖健康风险之间的传导途径。第4章妇女生殖健康服务的需求分析,通过建立妇女生殖健康治疗和保健的需求函数,以发现影响保健需求的因素,尤其是贫困加之于生殖健康需求的约束。揭示出贫困地区妇女未能充分利用妇幼保健服务降低健康风险的原因。第5章通过测算农村地区新生儿健康生产函数,揭示新生儿健康风险的影响因素,尤其是妇女生殖健康服务利用对于新生儿健康的影响,从而完整地分析贫困与生殖健康风险之间的联系。第6章结论和政策含义,通过总结造成母婴健康风险的因素和现有的农村生殖健康服务体系在风险管理上的缺陷,揭示出这种缺陷的制度根源,提出相应的政策含义,并对变革现有制度的限制条件加以阐述。

【Abstract】 The person’s living had the improvement since China practiced to economic reform. But there are about 50 millions the poor in China rural area .Poor not only means shortage of the material (with appropriate income or consumer concepts to measure to calculate), but also means being lack of education and healthcare. In economics, education and health are juxtaposed the twin concept of the human capital frame. The health status is not good will affect the study ability of the work directly, but the poor is again influence the health badly. So the poor health Status is a Poor’s reason and vice verse. To the poor in rural area, the health of the women and infants should be paid more attention particularly.To improve women and children’s health.. The World Health Organization puts forward the concept of the Reproductive Health. A developing country that wants to attain sustainable development needs to improve its citizen’s Reproductive Health. The two databases employed by the author respectively is National population and reproductive health investigation in 1997 and Chinese Children Health status investigation in 1992. The primarily reason for using these two samples is that they are the highest authority and most exhaustive up to now domestically. The econometrics methods are employed to analyze the impacts on reproductive health and the demands to the demands for maternity and infant healthcare services. It analyses the health risk management institution by means of the descriptive statistics methods and qualitative analysis methods.It is difficult to measure the health status, By means of MIMIC model, the 9 measurement indicators are polarized into 2 measurement indexes. Then it use structure model to identify the women health production function with regard two indexes as dependent variables in the simultaneous equations. The regression result reveals the facts that increase women health risk, including the following factors: (1) Low-level education and lacking healthcare knowledge ; (2) These women living in a mountainous area have higher reproductive health risk. Furthermore, in foundation at the reproductive health index construction, the impacts on healthcare demand are analyzed by means of LOGISTICS regression models and non-parameter econometric methods. Then to establish the Leontief- Diewert production functions of the general form analyze the impacts of neonatal baby’s health. The estimation results reveal that the mother’s prenatal health care and birth prenatal health care have significant influence on neonatal babies’ health, but the poor women has the lowest utilization of the healthcare.The policy implications derived from empirical study includes: 1) the increase of finance investment on primary healthcare; 2) from the economic theories, the directions of the investment should been located in public goods and poverty alleviation programs; 3) To use geographic targeting to areas where the poor are concentrated and programs targeting to health services that particularly benefit to the poor women and children.

  • 【分类号】R173
  • 【被引频次】5
  • 【下载频次】1212
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