【作者】 谢金峰；

【导师】 李道高； 赖景生；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 果树学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 1 研究的目的意义 改革开放以来，我国的柑橘产业取得了长足的发展。2000年我国柑橘面积达到130万hm~2，居世界第一，柑橘产量达1079万t，仅次于巴西、美国居世界第三。柑橘产业已成为我国南方农村经济的支柱产业。当中国加入WTO，我国柑橘业登上了国际竞争的舞台，迎来了历史性的机遇时，我们又不得不面对一个严峻的事实：我国的柑橘业还是一个弱势产业。为了把我国柑橘业做强，还有许多问题急待研究解决。经过比较分析，笔者认识到柑橘产业结构对产业发展的重要性，决心从产业结构问题入手，探索振兴柑橘产业之路。如果将柑橘产业结构问题放在国际竞争平台上，用产业经济学和相关经济学的理论，结合柑橘科学的特点和柑橘产业的现实，进行更深入、更系统的研究，总结经验，发现问题，找出差距，提出调整或优化我国柑橘产业结构的战略，供有关决策者或企业领导层参考，对我国柑橘产业在新形势下的发展，将可能带来积极的影响。笔者的想法得到农业部有关领导的支持，立专项资助研究，更增强了笔者完成研究任务的信心和决心。 2 研究的理论依据、方法和主要内容 2．1 理论依据 根据市场经济、产业经济、资源经济等经济学的基本原理与柑橘科学的特点、我国柑橘产业的现状和发展方向选择相结合。 2．2 研究的基本思路 在我国加入WTO的条件下，我国柑橘产业结构调整的问题必须置于世界柑橘产业的大格局下进行比较研究。以资源为依托，科技为支撑，市场为导向，改革为动力。利用两种资源、两个市场来思考中国柑橘产业结构调整。 2．3 研究的方法 在广泛收集国内外柑橘产业现状和发展态势的资料、实地考察主产地、批发市场、科研院所，并向各级主管领导、经济专家、柑橘的科技和营销专家咨询、请教的基础上，采用历史分析、比较分析、实证分析和规范分析相结合，发展观和因果观相结合的方法进行研究。发挥笔者多年从事技术科学研究与实践，又从事行业行政管理的优势，用软科学和“硬”技术相结合进行研究。2.4主要研究内容 柑橘产业结构调整是一项系统工程，涉及的问题很多。本文主要的研究内容包括:世界柑橘产业现状分析;我国柑橘产业和产业结构现状分析;我国柑橘产业发展方向的选择分析;我国柑橘产业结构调整战略设想研究;提升我国柑橘产业整体素质保障措施研究等。3主要研究成果3，1世界柑橘业的现状分析 .种植面积:2000年世界柑橘栽培总面积达到746万hmZ，栽培面积最大的六个国家依次为中国、巴西、尼日利亚、墨西哥、美国和西班牙。中国柑橘栽培面积的增幅最大。美国、日本等发达国家的柑橘栽培面积有所减少。 .产量:2000年度，世界柑橘总产量已达到1.0367亿t，为第三大国际贸易农产品。产量增长最快的是中国和巴西。按产量排名前五名依次为巴西、美国、中国、墨西哥和西班牙。 世界柑橘平均单产最高的为美国和以色列，中国的单产约为美国的l/5，世界平均水平的60%。 .品种结构:世界柑橘品种结构特点是甜橙占主导地位，宽皮柑橘列第2位，柠檬和来檬类列第3位。美国、巴西以甜橙为主，甜橙所占比例均超过90%;以鲜食柑橘出口为主的西班牙，其甜橙所占比例也超过其他柑橘种类;中国则是以宽皮柑橘为主。 主产国十分注意柑橘品种的熟期搭配。美国和巴西两个生产大国的晚熟柑橘比例都保持在50%左右。专家预言21世纪柑橘消费将以柑橘汁和杂种柑橘鲜果为主。 .国际贸易:世界柑橘鲜果贸易量占世界柑橘总产量的10%左右，柑橘出口率高的国家柑橘生产具有外向型特征。中国柑橘出口量仅20万t，处于很低的水平。柑橘主产国的柑橘出口活跃。 欧共体国家属于柑橘净进口地区。美国属于净出口国。香港的水果市场容量很大，宽皮相‘橘主要由中国大陆占领。 .柑橘的加工业:2000年世界柑橘总产量的40%用于加工。美国柑橘总产量70%用于加工，巴西柑橘加工用果比例则高达80%，我国的柑橘加工率仅为7%左右。、世界柑橘加工业的主体是橙汁生产，美国和欧洲的柑橘汁市场日趋饱和，但在亚洲却出现了上升势头。我国年人均柑橘汁消费量仅为世界人均消费量的1/30。作为鲜果消费的“加工”，即采后商品化处理的比例，发达国家或外销大国高达90%以上。3.2我国柑橘产业结构现状分析 .对柑橘产业结构的理解:根据产业经济学关于第三次产业分类法，结合我国农业产业化实施过程的理论和实践，农业就不仅是第一产业，而且包括了二、三产业。按现代产业发展的要求来衡量，参照发达国家柑橘业发展的先进经验，我国柑橘业的产业结构，也由第一产业、第二产业和第三产业组成。第一产业主要指的种植业，包括良种苗木繁育和以区域化、专业化果品生产基地为核心的优质果品生产;第二产业是果品加工业;第三产业指服务业，包括流通、营销、金融、信息等。用这样的观点来研究我国的柑橘产业和产业结构，可以更深刻地揭示柑橘产业的现状和问题，更系统地提出结构调整的战略。 .我国柑橘产业结构现状评述:更多还原

【Abstract】 1 OBJECT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECTThe citrus industry in china has greatly development since reform and opening, our citrus plant area was 1.30 million hm2 In 2000, which was first in the world, and yield was 10.79 million tons which was third in the world only after Brazil and USA. Citrus industry has been a pillar in countryside economics of South China. In the new century, our country took part into WTO. This gave citrus industry development a good chance and a severe test. Our citrus industry has been coming into international stage, but in China the structure of citrus production is unreasonable, emphasize production and look down on process and sell, so it is difficult to fit the need of home and abroad market and poor to compete in the market. We are face the condition that our citrus industry is still a weak competition one, there are a lot of problem need to resolve. We recognize that citrus industry structure adjust is very important for the industry development, There are little about citrus industry structure research.Many scholars suggest the structure adjust idea, but the idea is the simplest method, technology, quantity, quality, little system strategy research is been set up. Therefore it is necessary to study on strategy of citrus industry structure in China which can set up the faith to face the market competition and develop our citrus production, supply the useful information for resources use, protection citrus production, raise fruit .quality and competition. Base on the research, fast supply the policy basis about strategy adjust of citrus industry structure in the way science and practical for the government and enterprise. This idea is supported by the Agriculture Ministry of China which encourage us to finish the research.2 THE THEORY BASIS, METHOD AND CONTENT OF MAIN RESEARCH2.1 The theory basisThe guiding thinking of research is market economy, production economy, resources economy and other economic developing strategy theory, combining them with the character of citrology, our citrus industry present condition and developing direction .2.2 The basic idea of researchThe basic idea of research is that in the condition of our country into WTO, the citrus production structure adjust in China must fit the situation of citrus production development in the world, rely on resources, science and technology, market and reform..2.3 The research methodThe citrus data are collected about production situation at present and future in home and abroad. The distribution, development, ecology, and quality behave of main growing and spreading varieties. The present situation and foresee of citrus consume need. The ecological condition of the region and position of citrus in the fruit production. The variety structure about its presence, adjust direction, concern policy and method in the main citrus production region. The data are analyzed and studied Scientifically, objectively, comprehensively and systematically.2.4 The content of main researchThe citrus industry structure adjust is a system project. The present situation and development tendency at abroad of citrus production has been investigated and analyzed. The developing direction of citrus production at present and future in China has been suggested by considering and analyzing the plant area, yield, export, process, structure, economic development tendency and consume habit of China and other countries.On the base of studying and analyzing main developing and spreading citrus varieties about their origin, display of ecological and regional test, quality character, ecological factor of growing district, comparing with other countries, find out the problem of productive structure, limited factor, reason and supply the idea for citrus production structure adjust in China.3 THE RESULTS OF MAIN RESEARCH3.1 The situation analyze of international citrus industry 3.1.1 Plant area of international citrus industryInternational citrus plant area was 7.46 million hm2 in 2000. The largest six更多还原