【作者】 朱革；

【导师】 彭东林；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 噪声污染问题是当今社会特别关注的重大环境问题。有关噪声的分析与控制关系到环境保护，关系到生活质量与身心健康，关系到工业产品的竞争力，关系到国防与尖端产品的质量、寿命、可靠性与精度，以至关系到对人类心理生理奥秘的探索，因此，各国都投入了大量的人力、物力和财力来进行研究。我们知道，解决噪声和振动问题的根本在于对声源的研究，所以关键问题在于研究机器运转时的发声机理，诊断出设备中主要的易于解决的声源，然后进行控制。目前虽然关于噪声问题的研究者众多，也已取得大量研究成果，但大家都是从降低噪声分贝数的角度考虑的，主要反映的是对人耳听力的损伤以及对正常听闻的影响,而未能准确反映噪声对人的心理、生理产生何种程度的影响。但在目前越来越强调生活质量的社会里，人们对声质量的要求越来越高，在许多场合声音质量比声音的强弱更为重要，这就要求我们要找到一种基于人耳听觉特性的反映声质量的所谓主观评价指标和体系，以便为最终的声质量控制提供更具体的评判依据。本项研究由国家教育部重点研究项目：“噪声全息可视化测量分析系统的研究”，重庆市教委科技项目：“变速箱噪声和谐化测控新方法的研究”的支持。作者作了大量的理论研究和相应的实验研究工作。研究的对象是齿轮噪声。研究路线是：齿轮噪声产生机理及特性→故障诊断（识别主声源）→降噪→人耳听觉特性→声质量评价模型。本文的主要研究内容如下：（1）分析齿轮噪声的产生机理及其特有的调制特性，为后面的故障诊断和主观评价打下基础。（2）对现有解调分析的局限性进行分析，并提出相应的解决或优化方法。（3）在对解调分析的局限性进行充分研究分析后，首次提出了一种新的优化解调算法模型——能量算子优化解调算法。通过实验与已有的经典算法——希尔伯特解调技术从精度、灵敏度、抗干扰度、复杂度等多方面进行了对比研究。（4）在分析音乐和谐机理——“两音的频率比愈是简单的整数关系则两音愈具有和谐的关系”的基础上，创造性地提出了“多级齿轮传动尽量平均分配传动比”的和谐化观点；同时通过实验提出了齿轮传动中应尽量避免齿轮轴转频4Hz的和谐化观点，为齿轮传动的设计提供了指导性的参考。（5）从生理声学和心理声学的角度研究了人耳对声音的传递机理和感觉机理，首次提出了基于人耳感觉特性的声音质量主观评价模型：尖锐度指标——基<WP=5>于1/3倍频程的能量重心法，并通过主观评价实验——“成对比较法”对模型进行了验证。为声音评价标准从客观标度转变到主观感觉作出了探索性的研究，为以后的产品声质量设计打下基础。（6）研制了多功能实验台，开发了信号分析软件，用新的解调方法对齿轮故障进行诊断。并将多种工况下噪声的实际感觉和声质量主观评价模型的计算结果进行对比研究。总之，本文在理论研究的基础上，通过大量的仿真和实际实验,验证了能量算子优化解调算法理论和基于1/3倍频程的能量重心法理论。为目前的机械噪声研究从单纯的降噪过渡到更高级的声音质量控制迈出了重要的一步。更多还原

【Abstract】 Now the noise pollution has been one big environment problem that is concerned popularly. The analysis and control on noise relates to the environment protection, the quality of life and health of body and mind, the competition ability of industry products, the quality, life, reliability and precision of military products, and even to the explore of the human psychology, physiology secrets. That’s why all the countries around the world devote huge manpower, material resources and financial to do the research.As we know, the base of solving noise and vibration lies in the research on sound resource. So the key is to research the sounding mechanism while machines are running, to find out the main and easy to solve sound resources of the equipments, then to control them. Now many people are doing the research on noise. And till now many progress have been made. But most of these researches aim to depress decibel of noise. This only reflects the damnification to human hearing and the effect to normal hearing, can’t exactly reflect to which degree the effect of noise on human psychology and physiology goes. Now people care quality of life much more than before. Higher demands on sound quality are put forward. In many situations, sound quality is more important than sound intensity. This forces us to find out the called subjective evaluation index and system, which is based on the auditory characteristic of human ear, to evaluate the quality of sound. Then to provide more concrete criterion for the sound quality control. This research is supported by stress scientific research item “the research on the viewable measurement and analysis system of acoustical holography” from China Ministry of Education, by science and technology item “The research of new detect and control method on the harmony of the noise of gear box” from Chongqing Education bureau. Large amounts of theory researches and corresponding experiments have been made. The research object is the noise of gear wheel. The research route is： characteristic of gear noise and its generating mechanism→Fault Diagnosis（identify main noise resource）→depress noise→characteristic of human auditory→model of the sound quality evaluated. The main research content of this paper is shown in the following：（1）To prepare for the following Fault Diagnosis and subjective evaluation, analysis on the generating mechanism and the special modulating characteristic of noise of gear are done. <WP=7>（2） Based on the analysis of the localization of the demodulation methods now popularly used, corresponding solving or optimizing methods are put forward.（3）Base on the analysis of the localization of the demodulation methods, a new optimizing arithmetic model, the energy operator optimizing arithmetic, is put forward first. This new arithmetic is compared with the classic arithmetic, Hilbert demodulating method, from the precision, sensitivity, anti-jamming, complexion and some other fields by experiments.（4）Based on the analysis of the mechanism of the harmonious of music, that is the more simple the integer ration between the frequency of two voice is the more harmonious they are, the creationary viewpoint that to be more harmonious the transmission ratio of multilevel gear wheel transmission must be assigned averagely is put forward for the first time. At the same time, the viewpoint that during gear wheel transmission to be harmonious the gear wheel axes’ frequency should avoid to be 4 HZ is put forward. This provides instructional reference point for the gear wheel transmission chain design.（5）Based on the research of the translating mechanism and feeling mechanism of human ear on sound from physiological acoustics and Psychological Acoustics，the subjective evaluation model based on the auditory characteristic of human ear of sound quality: Sharpness index ——method of center of gravity for energy Based on 1/3 octave is put forward for the first time. And the model is validated through subjective evaluation experiment ——“paired compa更多还原