【作者】 李力；

【导师】 杨信彰；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 语言学界对及物性的研究一般是从两个角度进行的：一是词汇语法，二是语义。二者从互不干涉到相互影响，尤其是语义角度日益得到人们的重视。本文主要从语义角度，即在语法隐喻理论框架下探究英语及物性系统。而且，本文吸收认知语言学的研究成果，主要是射体和界标，为文中所阐述的及物性理论提供佐证。 韩礼德的及物性是语言中表现概念功能的一个语义系统，它由参与者、过程和环境成份组成。及物性通过各种过程反映现实世界中的经验，包含事态和各种关系，决定小句的不同类型和结构。迄今为止，及物性的定义仍未统一；对过程和参与者统计分析后的应用还缺乏解释力度。针对这些问题，本文对及物性理论进行了拓展，视其核心为限定性，通过对规律性成份的限定进行语篇对照，尤其关注射体和界标中的语法隐喻。力图利用统计分析方法证明，通过对样品频率分布的计算可以透视概念义精密度来区分、比照语篇类型。而这一切都因及物性制约而然。第一章是导论，首先，提出及物性即限定性，限定的强弱反映及物性的特征。其次，提出及物性的强弱是由语境决定的；环境义构成微型语境。最后，勾勒了本论文的轮廓。第二章是对及物性理论的综述和评价。说明将限定性引入及物性理论是对及物性理论的拓展；隐喻是其中重要的成分；第三、四、五章进一步阐释并改进系统功能语法原有的及物性观点。在第三章，作者讨论了与及物性有关的隐喻、射体和界标；第四章提出环境和轮廓(profile)限定。指环境意义对语篇的限定，包括环境、时态、体态等要素，即体现为强及物性，也体现为弱及物性。第五章介绍参与者与过程限定，探讨了过程与参与者对语篇的限定，分别体现为文化归类和选择。其及物性限定形式也有其自身特点。第六章主要对语料进行统计分析。可以根据隐喻、射体和界标频率分布的变化来观察规律性成份的重现量与语义密度和精密度的联系，来对照语篇。第七章是结论，对整个论文做了小结。可以推测，无论语篇的量有多大变化，有一样是不变的，那就是都含有强及物性和弱及物性限定。据此，可以衡量语篇之间的细微差异，以为选择英语教材服务，为学生读写英语服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 This Ph.D. dissertation investigates the constraints of transitivity on text types from the perspective of grammatical metaphor with trajector and landmark. It aims to offer an alternative account of the original point of view of transitivity within Systemic Functional Grammar (henceforth SFG) and to expand the intended one to the description of the constraints of transitivity on text types.Halliday’s transitivity is a semantic system representing the ideational function in language, and it is composed of Participants, Process, and Circumstance. Up till now, the definition of transitivity is not yet fully available, and the application of statistical analysis on the distribution of Processes and Participants is lacking explanatory power. With these problems in mind, we have furthered the theory of transitivity. Through the constraints of transitivity on text types, the grammatical metaphor in the profiling of trajector and landmark is feasible to distinguish text types in terms of the delicacy and density of ideational meanings. The constraints of transitivity on text types can be demonstrated by the statistical analysis on the frequency of distribution with corresponding samples.Chapter 1 locates the objective of the present study as a contribution to research on ideational meaning, and shows that the degree of constraints on text types reflects the strength of transitivity, either strong or weak. In this chapter, the significance of the study of constraints of transitivity on text types is raised and corresponding questions are put forward. Circumstantial sense constructs the micro-situation. Chapter 2 is a review and an evaluation of transitivity in different phases in order to claim that the introduction of constraints of transitivity on text-types is a widening of the theory of transitivity. Chapter 3 aims to clarify the definition of transitivity. In this study, transitivity is defined as a grammatical resource for constraints on text types. Grammatical metaphor, trajector and landmark are partially involved in the constraints of transitivity on text types based on delicacy. Chapter 4 is to demonstrate the constraints of Circumstance and profiling on text types. Circumstantial sense is usually a representation of situation, because situation of context is inherently associated with circumstantial senses. Thus, situation may be used as one criterion for the constraint strength of transitivity. Chapter 5 is an exploration of the constraints of Participants and Process on text types through cultural classification. Selection is done by process determiner. Cultural classification is made via Participants into process modifier, and process qualifier. Chapter 6 is a statistical analysis of text-types, making an attempt to test the theories proposed in chapters 3, 4, and 5. Because the prototypical metaphor of transitivity involves the shift from Circumstance to Participants in the cline, trajector might be taken over by the Participants of process modifier, andlandmark might be replaced by the macro-circumstance. In this process of shifting, such elements as Process (realized by VP) or Circumstance (realized by PP) are usually turned into Participants (realized by NP). Therefore, text-types can be computed statistically via grammatical metaphor in the Profiling in the frequency of distribution, arising out of the ideational density and delicacy of corresponding text. Chapter 7 provides a summary of the dissertation and a forecast is made.Throughout the dissertation, attempts have been made to demonstrate the theoretical and practical significance of the constraints of transitivity on text types from the perspective of grammatical metaphor with trajector and landmark. Since there has been no systematic investigation of the constraints of transitivity on text types from the perspective of grammatical metaphor with trajector and landmark, such a study is essential. The study is expected to be helpful for Chinese students in learning how to read and write in English.更多还原